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Effect of Tampering on On-Road and Off-Road Diesel Vehicle Emissions

Author

Listed:
  • Barouch Giechaskiel

    (European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), 21027 Ispra, Italy)

  • Fabrizio Forloni

    (European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), 21027 Ispra, Italy)

  • Massimo Carriero

    (European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), 21027 Ispra, Italy)

  • Gianmarco Baldini

    (European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), 21027 Ispra, Italy)

  • Paolo Castellano

    (Dimsport, 15020 Serralunga di Crea, Italy)

  • Robin Vermeulen

    (TNO, 2595 Hague, The Netherlands)

  • Dimitrios Kontses

    (Laboratory of Applied Thermodynamics, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-54124 Thessaloniki, Greece)

  • Pavlos Fragkiadoulakis

    (Laboratory of Applied Thermodynamics, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-54124 Thessaloniki, Greece)

  • Zissis Samaras

    (Laboratory of Applied Thermodynamics, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-54124 Thessaloniki, Greece)

  • Georgios Fontaras

    (European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), 21027 Ispra, Italy)

Abstract

Illegal manipulation (i.e., tampering) of vehicles is a severe problem because vehicle emissions increase orders of magnitude and significantly impact the environment and human health. This study measured the emissions before and after representative approaches of tampering of two Euro 6 Diesel light-duty passenger cars, two Euro VI Diesel heavy-duty trucks, and a Stage IV Diesel non-road mobile machinery (NRMM) agricultural tractor. With tampering of the selective catalytic reduction (SCR) for NO x , the NO x emissions increased by more than one order of magnitude exceeding 1000 mg/km (or mg/kWh) for all vehicles, reaching older Euro or even pre-Euro levels. The tampering of the NO x sensor resulted in relatively low NO x increases, but significant ammonia (NH 3 ) slip. The particle number emissions increased three to four orders of magnitude, reaching 6–10 × 10 12 #/km for the passenger car (one order of magnitude higher than the current regulation limit). The tampered passenger car’s NO x and particle number emissions were one order of magnitude higher even compared to the emissions during a regeneration event. This study confirmed that (i) tampering with the help of an expert technician is still possible, even for vehicles complying with the current Euro standards, although this is not allowed by the regulation; (ii) tampering results in extreme increases in emissions.

Suggested Citation

  • Barouch Giechaskiel & Fabrizio Forloni & Massimo Carriero & Gianmarco Baldini & Paolo Castellano & Robin Vermeulen & Dimitrios Kontses & Pavlos Fragkiadoulakis & Zissis Samaras & Georgios Fontaras, 2022. "Effect of Tampering on On-Road and Off-Road Diesel Vehicle Emissions," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(10), pages 1-18, May.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:14:y:2022:i:10:p:6065-:d:817209
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
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