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Investigation on Recycling Dry Toilet Generated Blackwater by Anaerobic Digestion: From Energy Recovery to Sanitation

Author

Listed:
  • Siqi Zuo

    (School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
    Beijing Key Laboratory of Resource—Oriented Treatment of Industrial Pollutants, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
    These two authors contributed equally to this work.)

  • Xiaoqin Zhou

    (School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
    Beijing Key Laboratory of Resource—Oriented Treatment of Industrial Pollutants, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
    These two authors contributed equally to this work.)

  • Zifu Li

    (School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
    Beijing Key Laboratory of Resource—Oriented Treatment of Industrial Pollutants, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China)

  • Xuemei Wang

    (School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
    Beijing Key Laboratory of Resource—Oriented Treatment of Industrial Pollutants, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China)

  • Longbin Yu

    (School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China)

Abstract

Anaerobic digestion ( AD ) has been widely adapted for blackwater treatment, however, the effect of water-conserving toilet generated blackwater on the AD process is still unknown. In this study, the anaerobic digestion process of dry toilet generated blackwater was investigated by means of a biomethane potential test. It was demonstrated that anaerobic digestion was inhibited and then adapted because of a high total ammonium nitrogen (TAN) level (3673.3 mg/L). The start-up period was 14.04 days and the biomethane potential of dry toilet blackwater was 402.36 mLCH 4 /gVS (55 days, 38 °C). Inhabitation and adaptation could be described as the increase of free ammonia nitrogen content and acetic acid concentration, followed by an enhancement of the relative abundance of acetic acid-type methanogens (from 33.53–61.52%). The main pathogen in dry toilet blackwater fermentation broth, Pseudomonas aeruginosa , kept multiplying in the first 8 days and then stabilized at a higher level than that of the beginning. This work showed the self-adjustment process and pathogen dynamics of dry toilet blackwater anaerobic digestion and highlights the significance of dry toilet blackwater characteristics when designing and maintaining anaerobic digestion sanitary treatment and reuse systems.

Suggested Citation

  • Siqi Zuo & Xiaoqin Zhou & Zifu Li & Xuemei Wang & Longbin Yu, 2021. "Investigation on Recycling Dry Toilet Generated Blackwater by Anaerobic Digestion: From Energy Recovery to Sanitation," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(8), pages 1-13, April.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:13:y:2021:i:8:p:4090-:d:531304
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Okoro- Shekwaga, Cynthia Kusin & Turnell Suruagy, Mariana Vieira & Ross, Andrew & Camargo- Valero, Miller Alonso, 2020. "Particle size, inoculum-to-substrate ratio and nutrient media effects on biomethane yield from food waste," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 151(C), pages 311-321.
    2. Capson-Tojo, G. & Moscoviz, R. & Astals, S. & Robles, Á. & Steyer, J.-P., 2020. "Unraveling the literature chaos around free ammonia inhibition in anaerobic digestion," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 117(C).
    3. Bi, Shaojie & Qiao, Wei & Xiong, Linpeng & Ricci, Marina & Adani, Fabrizio & Dong, Renjie, 2019. "Effects of organic loading rate on anaerobic digestion of chicken manure under mesophilic and thermophilic conditions," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 139(C), pages 242-250.
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