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Determination of Changes in the Quality of Surface Water in the River—Reservoir System

Author

Listed:
  • Łukasz Gruss

    (Institute of Environmental Engineering, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, pl. Grunwaldzki 24, 50-363 Wrocław, Poland)

  • Mirosław Wiatkowski

    (Institute of Environmental Engineering, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, pl. Grunwaldzki 24, 50-363 Wrocław, Poland)

  • Krzysztof Pulikowski

    (Institute of Environmental Engineering, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, pl. Grunwaldzki 24, 50-363 Wrocław, Poland)

  • Andrzej Kłos

    (The Institute of Environmental Engineering and Biotechnology, Opole University, ul. Kardynała Kominka 6, 6a, 45-032 Opole, Poland)

Abstract

Assessing the changing parameters of water quality at different points in the river–reservoir system can help prevent river pollution and implement remedial policies. It is also crucial in modeling water resources. Multivariate statistical analysis is useful for the analysis of changes in surface water quality. It helps to identify indicators that may be responsible for the eutrophication process of a reservoir. Additionally, the analysis of the water quality profile and the water quality index (WQI) is useful in assessing water pollution. These tools can support and verify the results of a multivariate statistical analysis. In this study, changes in water quality parameters of the Turawa reservoir (TR), and the Mała Panew river at the point below the Turawa reservoir (bTR) and above the Turawa reservoir (aTR), were analyzed. The analyzed period was from 2019 to 2020 (360 samples were analyzed). It was found that TN, NO 2 -N, and NO 3 -N decreased after passing through the Turawa reservoir. Nevertheless, principal component analysis (PCA) and redundancy analysis (RDA) showed that NO 2 -N and NO 3 -N contribute to the observed variability of the water quality in the river-reservoir system. PCA showed that pH and PO 4 -P had a lower impact on the water quality in the reservoir than nitrogen compounds. Additionally, RDA proved that the values of the NO 3 -N and NO 2 -N indicators obtained the highest values at the aTR point, PO 4 -P at the bTR, and pH at the TR. This allows the conclusion that the Turawa reservoir reduced the concentration of NO 2 -N and NO 3 -N in comparison with the concentration of these compounds flowing into the reservoir. PCA and RDA showed that both parameters (NO 2 -N and NO 3 -N) may be responsible for the eutrophication process of the Turawa reservoir. The analysis of short-term changes in water quality data may reveal additional sources of water pollution. High temperatures and alkaline reaction may cause the release of nitrogen and phosphorus compounds from sediments, which indicates an increased concentration of TP, PO4-P, and N org in the waters at the TR point, and TP, PO 4 -P, and NH 4 -N concentrations at the bTR point. The water quality profile combined with PCA and RDA allows more effective monitoring for the needs of water management in the reservoir catchment area. The analyzed WQI for water below the reservoir (bTR) was lower than that of the reservoir water (TR), which indicates an improvement in water after passing through the reservoir.

Suggested Citation

  • Łukasz Gruss & Mirosław Wiatkowski & Krzysztof Pulikowski & Andrzej Kłos, 2021. "Determination of Changes in the Quality of Surface Water in the River—Reservoir System," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(6), pages 1-18, March.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:13:y:2021:i:6:p:3457-:d:521058
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Włodzimierz Kanownik & Agnieszka Policht-Latawiec & Wioletta Fudała, 2019. "Nutrient Pollutants in Surface Water—Assessing Trends in Drinking Water Resource Quality for a Regional City in Central Europe," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(7), pages 1-15, April.
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    3. GuoLiang Wei & ZhiFeng Yang & BaoShan Cui & Bing Li & He Chen & JunHong Bai & ShiKui Dong, 2009. "Impact of Dam Construction on Water Quality and Water Self-Purification Capacity of the Lancang River, China," Water Resources Management: An International Journal, Published for the European Water Resources Association (EWRA), Springer;European Water Resources Association (EWRA), vol. 23(9), pages 1763-1780, July.
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