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The Production of Biogenic Silica from Different South African Agricultural Residues through a Thermo-Chemical Treatment Method

Author

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  • Ncamisile Nondumiso Maseko

    (Discipline of Chemical Engineering, University of KwaZulu-Natal, 238 Mazisi Kunene Road, Glenwood, Durban 4041, South Africa)

  • Denise Schneider

    (3P Instruments GmbH & Co. KG, Rudolf-Diesel-Str. 12, 85235 Odelzhausen, Germany)

  • Susan Wassersleben

    (Institute of Chemical Technology, Universität Leipzig, Linnéstr. 3, 04103 Leipzig, Germany)

  • Dirk Enke

    (Discipline of Chemical Engineering, University of KwaZulu-Natal, 238 Mazisi Kunene Road, Glenwood, Durban 4041, South Africa
    Institute of Chemical Technology, Universität Leipzig, Linnéstr. 3, 04103 Leipzig, Germany)

  • Samuel Ayodele Iwarere

    (Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Pretoria, Lynnwood Road, Hatfield, Pretoria 0028, South Africa)

  • Jonathan Pocock

    (Discipline of Chemical Engineering, University of KwaZulu-Natal, 238 Mazisi Kunene Road, Glenwood, Durban 4041, South Africa)

  • Annegret Stark

    (Discipline of Chemical Engineering, University of KwaZulu-Natal, 238 Mazisi Kunene Road, Glenwood, Durban 4041, South Africa
    SMRI/NRF SARChI Research Chair in Sugarcane Biorefining, Durban 4001, South Africa)

Abstract

A thermo-chemical treatment method was used to produce biogenic amorphous silica from South African sugarcane and maize residues. Different fractions of South African sugarcane (leaves, pith, and fiber) were processed for silica production. The biomass samples were leached with either 7 wt% citric acid or 7 wt% sulfuric acid at 353 K for 2 h prior to being rinsed, dried and combusted using a four-step program ranging from room temperature to 873 K in a furnace. The characterization of the pre-treated biomass samples was conducted using thermogravimetric analysis (TG/DTA), X-ray fluorescence analysis (XRF) and elemental analysis (CHN), while the final products were characterized by XRF, X-ray diffraction (XRD), elemental analysis, nitrogen physisorption and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Citric acid pre-treatment proved to be an attractive alternative to mineral acids. Amorphous biogenic silica was produced from sugarcane leaves in good quality (0.1 wt% residual carbon and up to 99.3 wt% silica content). The produced biogenic silica also had great textural properties such as a surface area of up to 323 m 2 g −1 , average pore diameter of 5.0 nm, and a pore volume of 0.41 cm 3 g −1 .

Suggested Citation

  • Ncamisile Nondumiso Maseko & Denise Schneider & Susan Wassersleben & Dirk Enke & Samuel Ayodele Iwarere & Jonathan Pocock & Annegret Stark, 2021. "The Production of Biogenic Silica from Different South African Agricultural Residues through a Thermo-Chemical Treatment Method," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(2), pages 1-14, January.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:13:y:2021:i:2:p:577-:d:477496
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Smithers, Jeff, 2014. "Review of sugarcane trash recovery systems for energy cogeneration in South Africa," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 32(C), pages 915-925.
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    Cited by:

    1. Hossein Beidaghy Dizaji & Thomas Zeng & Volker Lenz & Dirk Enke, 2022. "Valorization of Residues from Energy Conversion of Biomass for Advanced and Sustainable Material Applications," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(9), pages 1-5, April.
    2. Ncamisile Nondumiso Maseko & Dirk Enke & Samuel Ayodele Iwarere & Oluwatobi Samuel Oluwafemi & Jonathan Pocock, 2023. "Synthesis of Low Density and High Purity Silica Xerogels from South African Sugarcane Leaves without the Usage of a Surfactant," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(5), pages 1-12, March.

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