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Climate Change Adaptation (CCA) Interventions and Indicators in Nepal: Implications for Sustainable Adaptation

Author

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  • Gyanendra Karki

    (Faculty of Forestry, Agriculture and Forestry University, Rampur 44200, Nepal)

  • Balram Bhatta

    (Faculty of Forestry, Agriculture and Forestry University, Rampur 44200, Nepal)

  • Naba R Devkota

    (Vice Chancellor Office, Gandaki University, Pokhara 33700, Nepal)

  • Ram P Acharya

    (Centre for Sustainable Agricultural Systems, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba 4350, Australia)

  • Ripu M Kunwar

    (Ethnobotanical Society, Kathmandu 44600, Nepal)

Abstract

We reviewed 76 climate change adaptation projects that were operational between 2010 and 2020. The review was followed by office and field visits for verification. The office visit helped crosscheck the findings, and the field observations carried out between December 2020 and April 2021 asked 24 key informants and collected supplementary information appraisal and indicator development. Of the CCA projects studied, the most ( n = 48, 32%) were community-based initiatives, while the least ( n = 12, 8%) were ecosystem-based interventions. The main environment-centered projects were Ecosystem-based Adaptations and Ecosystems Protecting Infrastructure and Communities (EPIC) while Enhanced Action of Inclusive CSOs for Participation in Climate Resilient Economic Growth (UTHAN), Initiative for CCA (ICCA), Support to Rural Livelihoods and Climate Change Adaptation in the Himalayas (HIMALICA), etc., adaptation projects were community-based. Capacity building and awareness-raising were the major thrust of the CbA projects, while the abatement of climate vulnerabilities and risks through nature-based solutions were priorities of EbA. Payment for Ecosystem services is a nature-based solution that can play a role in enhancing adaptation to climate change at a local scale by adopting community-based and culturally appropriate methods and enhancing and incentivizing adaptation measures and capacities. A set of 11 criteria and 40 indicators comprised the institutional and behavioral responses and the use of technologies, and the design of climate-resilient plans and climate-smart practices were proposed as appraisal measures to evaluate the success of CCA interventions. The importance of criteria and indicators lies in the fact that such a comprehensive assessment would lead to effective and efficient adaptation projects, which could help benefit beyond the borders. It also furthers ongoing adaptation interventions and is set to be an integral part of associated studies and monitoring and review of new adaptation interventions.

Suggested Citation

  • Gyanendra Karki & Balram Bhatta & Naba R Devkota & Ram P Acharya & Ripu M Kunwar, 2021. "Climate Change Adaptation (CCA) Interventions and Indicators in Nepal: Implications for Sustainable Adaptation," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(23), pages 1-17, November.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:13:y:2021:i:23:p:13195-:d:690362
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    Cited by:

    1. Ariyaningsih & Rajib Shaw, 2023. "Community-Based Approach for Climate Resilience and COVID-19: Case Study of a Climate Village (Kampung Iklim) in Balikpapan, Indonesia," Land, MDPI, vol. 12(3), pages 1-18, March.
    2. Busra Agan & Mehmet Balcilar, 2023. "Unraveling the Green Growth Matrix: Exploring the Impact of Green Technology, Climate Change Adaptation, and Macroeconomic Factors on Sustainable Development," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(11), pages 1-20, May.
    3. Gyanendra Karki & Balram Bhatta & Naba R. Devkota & Ram P. Acharya & Ripu Mardhan Kunwar, 2022. "Climate change adaptation (CCA) research in Nepal: implications for the advancement of adaptation planning," Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change, Springer, vol. 27(3), pages 1-13, March.
    4. Karki, Dipesh, 2023. "Factors affecting nonpayment of water service by rural households in Nepal," Utilities Policy, Elsevier, vol. 84(C).

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