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Valorization of Agro-Industrial Residues: Bioprocessing of Animal Fats to Reduce Their Acidity

Author

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  • António A. Martins

    (LEPABE-Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto (FEUP), R. Dr. Roberto Frias S/N, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal)

  • Soraia Andrade

    (LEPABE-Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto (FEUP), R. Dr. Roberto Frias S/N, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal)

  • Daniela Correia

    (LEPABE-Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto (FEUP), R. Dr. Roberto Frias S/N, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal)

  • Elisabete Matos

    (B2E Associação para a Bioeconomia Azul—Laboratório Colaborativo, Av. Liberdade s/n, 4450-728 Leça da Palmeira, Portugal)

  • Nídia S. Caetano

    (LEPABE-Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto (FEUP), R. Dr. Roberto Frias S/N, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
    CIETI, Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Engineering (ISEP), Polytechnic of Porto (P.Porto), R. Dr. Antonio Bernardino de Almeida 431, 4249-015 Porto, Portugal)

  • Teresa M. Mata

    (INEGI-Institute of Science and Innovation in Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, R. Dr. Roberto Frias 400, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal)

Abstract

Adding value to agro-industrial residues is becoming increasingly important, satisfying needs to promote resources’ use efficiency and a more sustainable and circular economy. This work performs a parametric and kinetic study of enzymatic esterification of lard and tallow with high acidity, obtained by the rendering of slaughter by-products, allowing their use as a feed ingredient and increasing their market value. After an initial analysis of potential enzyme candidates, a Candida antarctica lipase B was selected as a biocatalyst for converting free fatty acids (FFA) to esters, using excess ethanol as the reagent. Results show that the fat acidity can be reduced by at least 67% in up to 3 h of reaction time at 45 °C, using the mass ratios of 3.25 ethanol/FFA and 0.0060 enzyme/fat. Kinetic modelling shows an irreversible second-order rate law, function of FFA, and ethanol concentration better fitting the experimental results. Activation energy is 54.7 kJ/mol and pre-exponential factor is 4.6 × 10 6 L mol −1 min −1 .

Suggested Citation

  • António A. Martins & Soraia Andrade & Daniela Correia & Elisabete Matos & Nídia S. Caetano & Teresa M. Mata, 2021. "Valorization of Agro-Industrial Residues: Bioprocessing of Animal Fats to Reduce Their Acidity," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(19), pages 1-18, September.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:13:y:2021:i:19:p:10837-:d:646496
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Silvia Cesarini & F. I. Javier Pastor & Per M. Nielsen & Pilar Diaz, 2015. "Moving towards a Competitive Fully Enzymatic Biodiesel Process," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 7(6), pages 1-20, June.
    2. Dimitris Zagklis & Eva Konstantinidou & Constantina Zafiri & Michael Kornaros, 2020. "Assessing the Economic Viability of an Animal Byproduct Rendering Plant: Case Study of a Slaughterhouse in Greece," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(14), pages 1-15, July.
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    Cited by:

    1. Wancura, João H.C. & Brondani, Michel & dos Santos, Maicon S.N. & Oro, Carolina E.D. & Wancura, Guilherme C. & Tres, Marcus V. & Oliveira, J. Vladimir, 2023. "Demystifying the enzymatic biodiesel: How lipases are contributing to its technological advances," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 216(C).

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