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Ecotypic Morphological and Physio-Biochemical Responses of Two Differentially Adapted Forage Grasses, Cenchrus ciliaris L. and Cyperus arenarius Retz. to Drought Stress

Author

Listed:
  • Muhammad Adeel Ghafar

    (Department of Botany, Government College University, Allama Iqbal Road, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan)

  • Nudrat Aisha Akram

    (Department of Botany, Government College University, Allama Iqbal Road, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan)

  • Muhammad Hamzah Saleem

    (College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China)

  • Jianyong Wang

    (The Institute of Grassland Science, School of Life Science, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China)

  • Leonard Wijaya

    (Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia)

  • Mohammed Nasser Alyemeni

    (Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia)

Abstract

Crop performance and yield are the results of genotypic expression as modulated by continuous interaction with the environment. Among the environmental aspects, drought and salinity are the most important factors, which limit the forages, including grasses, on a global basis. Grass species have the ability to grow under low water conditions and can produce high dry yield, proteins, and energy in areas exposed to drought stress. For this purpose, we conducted the present study to understand the response of forage grasses under drought stress from two different regions (Salt Range and Faisalabad) of Punjab, Pakistan. Two ecotypes of each grass species ( Cenchrus ciliaris L. and Cyperus arenarius Retz.) were grown in pots at the botanical research area, Government College University Faisalabad, Pakistan. A group of plants were subjected to drought stress (60% field capacity) and controlled (100% field capacity) after three weeks of seed germination. The results from the present study depicted that the fresh and dry weights of root and shoot were decreased significantly under drought conditions. Moreover, C. ciliaris of the Salt Range area showed more resistance and higher growth production under drought stress. The chlorophyll ( a and b ) contents were also decreased significantly, while MDA, total soluble sugars, and proline levels were increased significantly under water-limited environments in the C. arenarius of Salt Range area. Enzymatic antioxidants (superoxidase dismutase (SOD) and peroxidase (POD)) and leaf Na + were significantly raised in C. arenarius under drought stress collected from the Faisalabad region. Cenchrus ciliaris showed higher level of H 2 O 2 , total soluble proteins, glycinebetaine, catalase (CAT) and POD compared to C. arenarius . It also retained more leaf and root Ca 2+ , and root K + under drought stress. It was concluded from the study that C. ciliaris is more resistant to drought in biomass production collected from the Salt Range area. The results suggested that C. ciliaris can be more widely used as a forage grass under water-scarce conditions as compared to C. arenarius .

Suggested Citation

  • Muhammad Adeel Ghafar & Nudrat Aisha Akram & Muhammad Hamzah Saleem & Jianyong Wang & Leonard Wijaya & Mohammed Nasser Alyemeni, 2021. "Ecotypic Morphological and Physio-Biochemical Responses of Two Differentially Adapted Forage Grasses, Cenchrus ciliaris L. and Cyperus arenarius Retz. to Drought Stress," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(14), pages 1-19, July.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:13:y:2021:i:14:p:8069-:d:597384
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Ihsan Elahi Zaheer & Shafaqat Ali & Muhammad Hamzah Saleem & Iqra Noor & Mohamed A. El-Esawi & Kashif Hayat & Muhammad Rizwan & Zohaib Abbas & Mohamed A. El-Sheikh & Mohammed Nasser Alyemeni & Leonard, 2020. "Iron–Lysine Mediated Alleviation of Chromium Toxicity in Spinach ( Spinacia oleracea L.) Plants in Relation to Morpho-Physiological Traits and Iron Uptake When Irrigated with Tannery Wastewater," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(16), pages 1-23, August.
    2. Zanib Nazar & Nudrat Aisha Akram & Muhammad Hamzah Saleem & Muhammad Ashraf & Shakeel Ahmed & Shafaqat Ali & Abdulaziz Abdullah Alsahli & Mohammed Nasser Alyemeni, 2020. "Glycinebetaine-Induced Alteration in Gaseous Exchange Capacity and Osmoprotective Phenomena in Safflower ( Carthamus tinctorius L.) under Water Deficit Conditions," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(24), pages 1-18, December.
    3. Hussain, Mubshar & Farooq, Shahid & Hasan, Waseem & Ul-Allah, Sami & Tanveer, Mohsin & Farooq, Muhammad & Nawaz, Ahmad, 2018. "Drought stress in sunflower: Physiological effects and its management through breeding and agronomic alternatives," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 201(C), pages 152-166.
    4. Rizwan Yaseen & Omar Aziz & Muhammad Hamzah Saleem & Muhammad Riaz & Muhammad Zafar-ul-Hye & Muzammal Rehman & Shafaqat Ali & Muhammad Rizwan & Mohammed Nasser Alyemeni & Hamed A. El-Serehy & Fahad A., 2020. "Ameliorating the Drought Stress for Wheat Growth through Application of ACC-Deaminase Containing Rhizobacteria along with Biogas Slurry," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(15), pages 1-18, July.
    5. Muhammad Shoaib Rana & Parashuram Bhantana & Xue-cheng Sun & Muhammad Imran & Mohamed G. Moussa & Ali Mohamed Elyamine & Javaria Afzal & Imran Khan & Intisar Ud Din & Muhammad Younas & Muhammad Kamran, 2020. "Molybdenum as an Essential Element for Crops: An Overview," Biomedical Journal of Scientific & Technical Research, Biomedical Research Network+, LLC, vol. 24(5), pages 18535-18547, January.
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