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Analysis of Lightning-Induced Voltages Effect with SPD Placement for Sustainable Operation in Hybrid Solar PV-Battery Energy Storage System

Author

Listed:
  • Nor Izzati Ahmad

    (Institute of Power Engineering (IPE), Putrajaya Campus, Universiti Tenaga Nasional, Jalan Ikram-UNITEN, Kajang 43000, Malaysia)

  • Zaipatimah Ali

    (Institute of Power Engineering (IPE), Putrajaya Campus, Universiti Tenaga Nasional, Jalan Ikram-UNITEN, Kajang 43000, Malaysia)

  • Mohd Zainal Abidin Ab. Kadir

    (Institute of Power Engineering (IPE), Putrajaya Campus, Universiti Tenaga Nasional, Jalan Ikram-UNITEN, Kajang 43000, Malaysia
    Centre for Electromagnetic and Lightning Protection Research (CELP), Advanced Lightning, Power, and Energy Research Centre (ALPER), Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia)

  • Miszaina Osman

    (Institute of Power Engineering (IPE), Putrajaya Campus, Universiti Tenaga Nasional, Jalan Ikram-UNITEN, Kajang 43000, Malaysia)

  • Nur Hazirah Zaini

    (Power, High Voltage, and Energy (PHIVE) Research Group, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia, Nilai 71800, Malaysia)

  • Muhammad Hakirin Roslan

    (Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Pertahanan Nasional Malaysia, Kem Sungai Besi, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia)

Abstract

This paper discusses the lightning-induced voltage effect on a hybrid solar photovoltaic (PV)-battery energy storage system with the presence of surge protection devices (SPD). Solar PV functions by utilizing solar energy, in generating electricity, to supply to the customer. To ensure its consistency, battery energy storage is introduced to cater to the energy demand. For the countries located at the Equator, lightning has always become a major issue for the system to operate at maximum efficiency, due to its nature of installation in open space areas where the equipment may suffer serious damage that may stop the operation abruptly. To minimize the possible damages, insulation coordination on the lightning protection system is needed. Hence, three case studies, i.e., lightning current amplitude, lightning strike distance, and cable length are presented in this paper, which the quantified analysis is taking into account, to identify the performance of the system with the single installation of SPD Class II at DC and AC sides. The simulation results have contributed towards a better understanding of the importance of SPDs, and the need to properly coordinate according to the standard, taking into account the quantified information obtained from this work, hence providing the necessity of proper installation of SPD will provide better maintenance and prolong the lifespan of the equipment.

Suggested Citation

  • Nor Izzati Ahmad & Zaipatimah Ali & Mohd Zainal Abidin Ab. Kadir & Miszaina Osman & Nur Hazirah Zaini & Muhammad Hakirin Roslan, 2021. "Analysis of Lightning-Induced Voltages Effect with SPD Placement for Sustainable Operation in Hybrid Solar PV-Battery Energy Storage System," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(12), pages 1-23, June.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:13:y:2021:i:12:p:6889-:d:577246
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Nur Hazirah Zaini & Mohd Zainal Abidin Ab. Kadir & Mohd Amran Mohd Radzi & Mahdi Izadi & Norhafiz Azis & Nor Izzati Ahmad & Mohd Solehin Mohd Nasir, 2017. "Lightning Surge Analysis on a Large Scale Grid-Connected Solar Photovoltaic System," Energies, MDPI, vol. 10(12), pages 1-18, December.
    2. Gopinath Subramani & Vigna K. Ramachandaramurthy & Sanjeevikumar Padmanaban & Lucian Mihet-Popa & Frede Blaabjerg & Josep M. Guerrero, 2017. "Grid-Tied Photovoltaic and Battery Storage Systems with Malaysian Electricity Tariff—A Review on Maximum Demand Shaving," Energies, MDPI, vol. 10(11), pages 1-17, November.
    3. Xiaoyan Bian & Yao Zhang & Qibin Zhou & Ting Cao & Bengang Wei, 2021. "Numerical and Experimental Study of Lightning Stroke to BIPV Modules," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(3), pages 1-15, February.
    4. Desdemoustier, Jonathan & Crutzen, Nathalie & Giffinger, Rudolf, 2019. "Municipalities' understanding of the Smart City concept: An exploratory analysis in Belgium," Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Elsevier, vol. 142(C), pages 129-141.
    5. Ab Kadir, Mohd Zainal Abidin & Rafeeu, Yaaseen & Adam, Nor Mariah, 2010. "Prospective scenarios for the full solar energy development in Malaysia," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 14(9), pages 3023-3031, December.
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