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Addressing the Role of Landraces in the Sustainability of Mediterranean Agroecosystems

Author

Listed:
  • Guiomar Carranza-Gallego

    (Agroecosystem History Laboratory, University Pablo de Olavide, 41013, Seville, Spain)

  • Gloria I. Guzmán

    (Agroecosystem History Laboratory, University Pablo de Olavide, 41013, Seville, Spain)

  • Roberto Garcia-Ruíz

    (CEAOAO & CEAC Tierra, Department of Animal Biology, Vegetal Biology and Ecology, University of Jaén, Jaen 23009, Spain)

  • Manuel González de Molina

    (Agroecosystem History Laboratory, University Pablo de Olavide, 41013, Seville, Spain)

  • Eduardo Aguilera

    (CEIGRAM-ETSIAAB, Technical University of Madrid (UPM), Madrid, 28040, Spain)

Abstract

Wheat yields are predicted to decrease over the next decades due to climate change (CC). Mediterranean regions are characterized by low soil fertility and stressful conditions that limit the effect of technological improvements on increasing yield gains, while worsening the negative CC impacts. Additionally, organic farming (OF) lacks specifically adapted genetic material. Accordingly, there is a need to search for varieties adapted to these conditions and whose cultivation may help semi-arid agroecosystems sustainability, focusing on specific agronomic and functional traits. To this purpose, wheat landraces and modern wheat varieties were evaluated under Mediterranean rainfed conditions during three growing seasons under contrasting situations: A conventional farm and an organic farm. Results regarding straw production, weed biomass and biodiversity, and grain N concentration suggest that the cultivation of landraces under Mediterranean rainfed conditions can enhance agroecosystem sustainability through positive effects on ecosystem services such as soil quality, functional biodiversity, or grain protein content, without significant reductions in grain yield. Results highlight the relevant role of wheat landraces as genetic resources for the development of cultivars adapted to Mediterranean agroecosystems conditions, especially for organic farming, but also for conventional agriculture.

Suggested Citation

  • Guiomar Carranza-Gallego & Gloria I. Guzmán & Roberto Garcia-Ruíz & Manuel González de Molina & Eduardo Aguilera, 2019. "Addressing the Role of Landraces in the Sustainability of Mediterranean Agroecosystems," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(21), pages 1-16, October.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:11:y:2019:i:21:p:6029-:d:281734
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Magdalena Ruiz & Encarna Zambrana & Rosario Fite & Aida Sole & Jose Luis Tenorio & Elena Benavente, 2019. "Yield and Quality Performance of Traditional and Improved Bread and Durum Wheat Varieties under Two Conservation Tillage Systems," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(17), pages 1-22, August.
    2. A. J. Challinor & J. Watson & D. B. Lobell & S. M. Howden & D. R. Smith & N. Chhetri, 2014. "A meta-analysis of crop yield under climate change and adaptation," Nature Climate Change, Nature, vol. 4(4), pages 287-291, April.
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    Cited by:

    1. Aguilera, Eduardo & Díaz-Gaona, Cipriano & García-Laureano, Raquel & Reyes-Palomo, Carolina & Guzmán, Gloria I. & Ortolani, Livia & Sánchez-Rodríguez, Manuel & Rodríguez-Estévez, Vicente, 2020. "Agroecology for adaptation to climate change and resource depletion in the Mediterranean region. A review," Agricultural Systems, Elsevier, vol. 181(C).
    2. Sara Bosi & Lorenzo Negri & Antonio Fakaros & Giulia Oliveti & Anne Whittaker & Giovanni Dinelli, 2022. "GGE Biplot Analysis to Explore the Adaption Potential of Italian Common Wheat Genotypes," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(2), pages 1-18, January.

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