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Investigating the Risk Factors Associated with the Severity of the Pedestrians Injured on Spanish Crosstown Roads

Author

Listed:
  • Natalia Casado-Sanz

    (Departamento de Ingeniería del Transporte, Territorio y Urbanismo, ETSI Caminos, Canales y Puertos, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain)

  • Begoña Guirao

    (Departamento de Ingeniería del Transporte, Territorio y Urbanismo, ETSI Caminos, Canales y Puertos, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain)

  • Antonio Lara Galera

    (Departamento de Ingeniería Civil: Construcción, ETSI Caminos, Canales y Puertos, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain)

  • Maria Attard

    (Institute for Climate Change and Sustainable Development, OH132, University of Malta, MSD2080 Msida, Malta)

Abstract

According to the Spanish General Traffic Accident Directorate, in 2017 a total of 351 pedestrians were killed, and 14,322 pedestrians were injured in motor vehicle crashes in Spain. However, very few studies have been conducted in order to analyse the main factors that contribute to pedestrian injury severity. This study analyses the accidents that involve a single vehicle and a single pedestrian on Spanish crosstown roads from 2006 to 2016 (1535 crashes). The factors that explain these accidents include infractions committed by the pedestrian and the driver, crash profiles, and infrastructure characteristics. As a preliminary tool for the segmentation of 1535 pedestrian crashes, a k -means cluster analysis was applied. In addition, multinomial logit (MNL) models were used for analysing crash data, where possible outcomes were fatalities and severe and minor injured pedestrians. According to the results of these models, the risk factors associated with pedestrian injury severity are as follows: visibility restricted by weather conditions or glare, infractions committed by the pedestrian (such as not using crossings, crossing unlawfully, or walking on the road), infractions committed by the driver (such as distracted driving and not respecting a light or a crossing), and finally, speed infractions committed by drivers (such as inadequate speed). This study proposes the specific safety countermeasures that in turn will improve overall road safety in this particular type of road.

Suggested Citation

  • Natalia Casado-Sanz & Begoña Guirao & Antonio Lara Galera & Maria Attard, 2019. "Investigating the Risk Factors Associated with the Severity of the Pedestrians Injured on Spanish Crosstown Roads," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(19), pages 1-18, September.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:11:y:2019:i:19:p:5194-:d:269640
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Utriainen, Roni & Pöllänen, Markus & Liimatainen, Heikki, 2018. "Road safety comparisons with international data on seriously injured," Transport Policy, Elsevier, vol. 66(C), pages 138-145.
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    1. Natalia Casado-Sanz & Begoña Guirao & Maria Attard, 2020. "Analysis of the Risk Factors Affecting the Severity of Traffic Accidents on Spanish Crosstown Roads: The Driver’s Perspective," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(6), pages 1-26, March.
    2. Maria Rella Riccardi & Francesco Galante & Antonella Scarano & Alfonso Montella, 2022. "Econometric and Machine Learning Methods to Identify Pedestrian Crash Patterns," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(22), pages 1-19, November.
    3. Mingyu Hou & Jianchuan Cheng, 2021. "The Role of Social Networks in Mobile Phone Use among Pedestrians: A Pilot Study in China," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(1), pages 1-17, January.
    4. Bajada, Thérèse & Attard, Maria, 2021. "A typological and spatial analysis of pedestrian fatalities and injuries in Malta," Research in Transportation Economics, Elsevier, vol. 86(C).
    5. Uchenna Nnabuihe Uhegbu & Miles R. Tight, 2021. "Road User Attitudes and Their Reported Behaviours in Abuja, Nigeria," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(8), pages 1-16, April.
    6. Daniel Gálvez-Pérez & Begoña Guirao & Armando Ortuño & Luis Picado-Santos, 2022. "The Influence of Built Environment Factors on Elderly Pedestrian Road Safety in Cities: The Experience of Madrid," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(4), pages 1-20, February.
    7. Xiaoxiao Wang & Liangjie Xu, 2021. "Factors Influencing Young Drivers’ Willingness to Engage in Risky Driving Behavior: Continuous Lane-Changing," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(11), pages 1-18, June.
    8. Alireza Mohammadi & Behzad Kiani & Hassan Mahmoudzadeh & Robert Bergquist, 2023. "Pedestrian Road Traffic Accidents in Metropolitan Areas: GIS-Based Prediction Modelling of Cases in Mashhad, Iran," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(13), pages 1-20, July.
    9. Benedikt Schwab & Christof Beil & Thomas H. Kolbe, 2020. "Spatio-Semantic Road Space Modeling for Vehicle–Pedestrian Simulation to Test Automated Driving Systems," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(9), pages 1-25, May.
    10. Nur Shaeza Darus & Muhamad Nazri Borhan & Siti Zaharah Ishak & Rozmi Ismail & Siti Fatin Mohd. Razali & Nor Aznirahani Mhd Yunin & Rizati Hamidun, 2022. "The Effect of Physical Environment Risk Factors on Vehicle Collisions Severity Involving Child-Pedestrians in Malaysia," SAGE Open, , vol. 12(1), pages 21582440211, January.
    11. Faris Tarlochan & Mohamed Izham Mohamed Ibrahim & Batool Gaben, 2022. "Understanding Traffic Accidents among Young Drivers in Qatar," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(1), pages 1-13, January.
    12. Jiho Yeo & Shin-Hyoung Park, 2021. "Effect of Smartphone Dependency on Smartphone Use While Driving," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(10), pages 1-13, May.
    13. Jessica Andrews & Zanab Shareef & Mohammed Mohammed & Edison Nwobi & Tariq Masri-zada & Tyiesha Head & Tylor Zohr & Doreen Head & Randall Commissaris, 2021. "A ‘Hands on’ Public Service Program to Help People Stay Sober and Safer on the Roadway," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(19), pages 1-16, October.
    14. Vorapot Sapsirisavat & Wiriya Mahikul, 2021. "Drinking and Night-Time Driving May Increase the Risk of Severe Health Outcomes: A 5-Year Retrospective Study of Traffic Injuries among International Travelers at a University Hospital Emergency Cente," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(18), pages 1-9, September.
    15. Ming Lv & Xiaojun Shao & Chimou Li & Feng Chen, 2022. "Driving Performance Evaluation of Shuttle Buses: A Case Study of Hong Kong–Zhuhai–Macau Bridge," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(3), pages 1-13, January.
    16. Rong-Chang Jou & Li-Wun Syu, 2021. "Drunk Drivers’ Willingness to Use and to Pay for Designated Drivers," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(10), pages 1-23, May.

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