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Zero Knowledge Proof Solutions to Linkability Problems in Blockchain-Based Collaboration Systems

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  • Chibuzor Udokwu

    (Austrian Blockchain Center, 4 Perspektivstrasse, 1020 Vienna, Austria)

Abstract

Blockchain provides the opportunity for organizations to execute trustable collaborations through smart contract automations. However, linkability problems exist in blockchain-based collaboration platforms due to privacy leakages, which, when exploited, will result in tracing transaction patterns to users and exposing collaborating organizations and parties. Some privacy-preserving mechanisms have been adopted to reduce linkability problems through the integration of access control systems to smart contracts, off-chain data storage, usage of permissioned blockchain, etc. Still, linkability problems persist in applications deployed in both private and public blockchain networks. Zero-knowledge proof (ZKP) systems provide mechanisms for verifying the correctness of transactions and actions executed on the blockchain without revealing complete information about the transaction. Hence, ZKP systems provide a potential solution to eliminating linkability problems in blockchain-based collaboration systems. The objective of this paper is to identify various linkability problems that exist in blockchain-enabled collaboration systems and understand how ZKP algorithms and smart contract frameworks can be used in addressing the linkability problems. Furthermore, a proof of concept (PoC) is implemented and simulated to demonstrate a ZKP system for a privacy-preserving feedback mechanism that mitigates linkability problems in collaboration systems. The scenario-based results from the PoC evaluation show that a feedback system that includes project participants’ verification through membership proofs, verification of on-time submission of feedback through range proofs, and encrypted calculation of feedback scores through homomorphic arithmetic provides a privacy-aware system for executing collaborations on the blockchain without linking project participants.

Suggested Citation

  • Chibuzor Udokwu, 2025. "Zero Knowledge Proof Solutions to Linkability Problems in Blockchain-Based Collaboration Systems," Mathematics, MDPI, vol. 13(15), pages 1-29, July.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jmathe:v:13:y:2025:i:15:p:2387-:d:1709672
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    3. Chibuzor Udokwu, 2024. "Formalizing and Simulating the Token Aspects of Blockchain-Based Research Collaboration Platform Using Game Theory," Mathematics, MDPI, vol. 12(20), pages 1-19, October.
    4. Gabriella M. Hastig & ManMohan S. Sodhi, 2020. "Blockchain for Supply Chain Traceability: Business Requirements and Critical Success Factors," Production and Operations Management, Production and Operations Management Society, vol. 29(4), pages 935-954, April.
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