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Detection of Land Subsidence in Kathmandu Valley, Nepal, Using DInSAR Technique

Author

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  • Richa Bhattarai

    (Geosystem and Biological Sciences Division, Graduate School of Science, Chiba University, 1-33 Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku, Chiba-shi, Chiba 263-8522, Japan)

  • Haireti Alifu

    (Center for Environmental Remote Sensing, Chiba University, 1-33 Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku, Chiba-shi, Chiba 263-8522, Japan)

  • Aikebaier Maitiniyazi

    (Geosystem and Biological Sciences Division, Graduate School of Science, Chiba University, 1-33 Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku, Chiba-shi, Chiba 263-8522, Japan)

  • Akihiko Kondoh

    (Center for Environmental Remote Sensing, Chiba University, 1-33 Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku, Chiba-shi, Chiba 263-8522, Japan)

Abstract

Differential Synthetic Aperture Radar Interferometry (DInSAR) is a remote sensing technique that is capable of detecting land surface deformation with centimeter accuracy. In this research, this technique was applied to two pairs of Advanced Land Observing Satellite (ALOS) Phased Array L-band SAR (PALSAR) data to detect land subsidence in the Kathmandu valley from 2007 to 2010. The result revealed several subsidence areas towards the center of the valley ranging from a maximum of 9.9 km 2 to a minimum of 1 km 2 coverage with a maximum velocity of 4.8 cm/year, and a minimum velocity of 1.1 cm/year, respectively. The majority of the subsidence was observed in old settlement areas with mixed use development. The subsidence depth was found to gradually increase from the periphery towards the center in almost all detected subsidence areas. The subsidence depth was found to be in a range of 1 cm to 17 cm. It was found that the concentration of deep water extraction wells was higher in areas with higher subsidence rates. It was also found that the detected subsidence area was situated over geological formations mainly consisting of unconsolidated fine-grained sediments (silica, sand, silt, clay and silty sandy gravel), which is the major factor affecting the occurrence of land subsidence due to groundwater extraction.

Suggested Citation

  • Richa Bhattarai & Haireti Alifu & Aikebaier Maitiniyazi & Akihiko Kondoh, 2017. "Detection of Land Subsidence in Kathmandu Valley, Nepal, Using DInSAR Technique," Land, MDPI, vol. 6(2), pages 1-17, June.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jlands:v:6:y:2017:i:2:p:39-:d:101179
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    2. Khalid Bankher & Abbas Al-Harthi, 1999. "Earth Fissuring and Land Subsidence in Western Saudi Arabia," Natural Hazards: Journal of the International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, Springer;International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, vol. 20(1), pages 21-42, July.
    3. Hasanuddin Abidin & Rochman Djaja & Dudy Darmawan & Samsul Hadi & Arifin Akbar & H. Rajiyowiryono & Y. Sudibyo & I. Meilano & M. Kasuma & J. Kahar & Cecep Subarya, 2001. "Land Subsidence of Jakarta (Indonesia) and its Geodetic Monitoring System," Natural Hazards: Journal of the International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, Springer;International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, vol. 23(2), pages 365-387, March.
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    Cited by:

    1. Bhattarai, Keshav & Adhikari, Ambika P., 2022. "Minimizing Surface Run-off, Improving Underground Water Recharging, and On-site Rain Harvesting in the Kathmandu Valley," SocArXiv tqfns, Center for Open Science.

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