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The Importance of Spatial Configuration When Restoring Intensive Production Landscapes for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Service Multifunctionality

Author

Listed:
  • Daniel Richards

    (Manaaki Whenua–Landcare Research, Lincoln 7608, New Zealand)

  • Thomas R. Etherington

    (Manaaki Whenua–Landcare Research, Lincoln 7608, New Zealand)

  • Alexander Herzig

    (Manaaki Whenua–Landcare Research, Palmerston North 4472, New Zealand)

  • Sandra Lavorel

    (Manaaki Whenua–Landcare Research, Lincoln 7608, New Zealand
    Laboratoire d’Ecologie Alpine, Université Grenoble Alpes—CNRS–Université Savoie Mont Blanc, 38058 Grenoble France)

Abstract

Intensive production landscapes provide low levels of many ecosystem services and support limited biodiversity, so they require restoration to enhance their multifunctionality. International guidelines suggest that restoration should aim to establish natural woody vegetation cover across 30% of landscapes. Such restoration may be implemented in varied spatial configurations and complemented by additional land use changes from intensive to extensive semi-natural pastoral grasslands. To restore multifunctional landscapes, we need to understand the impacts of restoration spatial configuration and complementary grassland extensification, both in isolation and in combination. We used a virtual landscape simulation to systematically analyse the impacts of alternative restoration strategies on the provision of nine indicators of ecosystem services and biodiversity, and the overall multifunctionality of the landscapes. All restored landscapes achieved improvements in the performance of individual ecosystem services and multifunctionality compared to the baseline. The benefits of a given restored natural vegetation effort were increased by adding extensive grassland and modifying the spatial configuration of restoration. Randomly distributed patterns of restoration provided higher multifunctionality than restoration adjacent to existing natural areas or as large land blocks. The virtual landscape approach allowed systematic exploration of alternative restoration strategies, providing a mechanistic understanding that will inform restoration tailored to local priorities and conditions.

Suggested Citation

  • Daniel Richards & Thomas R. Etherington & Alexander Herzig & Sandra Lavorel, 2024. "The Importance of Spatial Configuration When Restoring Intensive Production Landscapes for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Service Multifunctionality," Land, MDPI, vol. 13(4), pages 1-21, April.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jlands:v:13:y:2024:i:4:p:460-:d:1370563
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