IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jlands/v13y2024i3p367-d1356943.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Visual Perception Optimization of Residential Landscape Spaces in Cold Regions Using Virtual Reality and Machine Learning

Author

Listed:
  • Xueshun Li

    (School of Architecture and Design, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
    Key Laboratory of Cold Region Urban and Rural Human Settlement Environment Science and Technology, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Harbin 150001, China)

  • Kuntong Huang

    (School of Architecture and Design, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
    Key Laboratory of Cold Region Urban and Rural Human Settlement Environment Science and Technology, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Harbin 150001, China)

  • Ruinan Zhang

    (School of Architecture and Design, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
    Key Laboratory of Cold Region Urban and Rural Human Settlement Environment Science and Technology, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Harbin 150001, China)

  • Yang Chen

    (School of Architecture and Design, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
    Key Laboratory of Cold Region Urban and Rural Human Settlement Environment Science and Technology, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Harbin 150001, China)

  • Yu Dong

    (School of Architecture and Design, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
    Key Laboratory of Cold Region Urban and Rural Human Settlement Environment Science and Technology, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Harbin 150001, China)

Abstract

The visual perception of landscape spaces between residences in cold regions is important for public health. To compensate for the existing research ignoring the cold snow season’s influence, this study selected two types of outdoor landscape space environments in non-snow and snow seasons as research objects. An eye tracker combined with a semantic differential (SD) questionnaire was used to verify the feasibility of the application of virtual reality technology, screen out the gaze characteristics in the landscape space, and reveal the design factors related to landscape visual perception. In the snow season, the spatial aspect ratio (SAR), building elevation saturation (BS), and grass proportion in the field of view (GP) showed strong correlations with the landscape visual perception scores (W). In the non-snow season, in addition to the above three factors, the roof height difference (RHD), tall-tree height (TTH), and hue contrast (HC) also markedly influenced W. The effects of factors on W were revealed in immersive virtual environment (IVE) orthogonal experiments, and the genetic algorithm (GA) and k-nearest neighbor algorithm (KNN) were combined to optimize the environmental factors. The optimized threshold ranges in the non-snow season environment were SAR: 1.82–2.15, RHD: 10.81–20.09 m, BS: 48.53–61.01, TTH: 14.18–18.29 m, GP: 0.12–0.15, and HC: 18.64–26.83. In the snow season environment, the optimized threshold ranges were SAR: 2.22–2.54, BS: 68.47–82.34, and GP: 0.1–0.14.

Suggested Citation

  • Xueshun Li & Kuntong Huang & Ruinan Zhang & Yang Chen & Yu Dong, 2024. "Visual Perception Optimization of Residential Landscape Spaces in Cold Regions Using Virtual Reality and Machine Learning," Land, MDPI, vol. 13(3), pages 1-33, March.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jlands:v:13:y:2024:i:3:p:367-:d:1356943
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2073-445X/13/3/367/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2073-445X/13/3/367/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Andrea Abraham & Kathrin Sommerhalder & Thomas Abel, 2010. "Landscape and well-being: a scoping study on the health-promoting impact of outdoor environments," International Journal of Public Health, Springer;Swiss School of Public Health (SSPH+), vol. 55(1), pages 59-69, February.
    2. Jaewon Han & Sugie Lee, 2023. "Verification of Immersive Virtual Reality as a Streetscape Evaluation Method in Urban Residential Areas," Land, MDPI, vol. 12(2), pages 1-16, January.
    3. Zijiao Zhang & Kangfu Zhuo & Wenhan Wei & Fu Li & Jie Yin & Liyan Xu, 2021. "Emotional Responses to the Visual Patterns of Urban Streets: Evidence from Physiological and Subjective Indicators," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(18), pages 1-20, September.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Plane, Jocelyn & Klodawsky, Fran, 2013. "Neighbourhood amenities and health: Examining the significance of a local park," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 99(C), pages 1-8.
    2. Park, Keunhyun & Chamberlain, Brent & Song, Ziqi & Nasr Esfahani, Hossein & Sheen, Jeff & Larsen, Teresa & Long Novack, Valerie & Licon, Carlos & Christensen, Keith, 2022. "A double jeopardy: COVID-19 impacts on the travel behavior and community living of people with disabilities," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 156(C), pages 24-35.
    3. Migle Baceviciene & Rasa Jankauskiene, 2022. "The Mediating Effect of Nature Restorativeness, Stress Level, and Nature Connectedness in the Association between Nature Exposure and Quality of Life," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(4), pages 1-15, February.
    4. Völker, Sebastian & Kistemann, Thomas, 2013. "Reprint of: “I'm always entirely happy when I'm here!” Urban blue enhancing human health and well-being in Cologne and Düsseldorf, Germany," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 91(C), pages 141-152.
    5. Fabiana R. Sousa-Mast & Arianne C. Reis & Marcelo C. Vieira & Sandro Sperandei & Luilma A. Gurgel & Uwe Pühse, 2017. "Does being an Olympic city help improve recreational resources? Examining the quality of physical activity resources in a low-income neighborhood of Rio de Janeiro," International Journal of Public Health, Springer;Swiss School of Public Health (SSPH+), vol. 62(2), pages 263-268, March.
    6. Tian Gao & Rui Song & Ling Zhu & Ling Qiu, 2019. "What Characteristics of Urban Green Spaces and Recreational Activities Do Self-Reported Stressed Individuals Like? A Case Study of Baoji, China," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(8), pages 1-16, April.
    7. Mehdi Rezaei & Doohwan Kim & Ahad Alizadeh & Ladan Rokni, 2021. "Evaluating the Mental-Health Positive Impacts of Agritourism; A Case Study from South Korea," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(16), pages 1-16, August.
    8. Kulczyk, Sylwia & Woźniak, Edyta & Derek, Marta, 2018. "Landscape, facilities and visitors: An integrated model of recreational ecosystem services," Ecosystem Services, Elsevier, vol. 31(PC), pages 491-501.
    9. William A. V. Clark & William Lisowski, 2018. "Wellbeing across individuals and places: How much does social capital matter?," Journal of Population Research, Springer, vol. 35(3), pages 217-236, September.
    10. Thea Xenia Wiesli & Ulf Liebe & Thomas Hammer & Roger Bär, 2021. "Sustainable Quality of Life: A Conceptualization That Integrates the Views of Inhabitants of Swiss Rural Regions," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(16), pages 1-18, August.
    11. Dileep Kumar Pandey & Shantanu Kumar Dubey & Ashwani Kumar Verma & Lobsang Wangchu & Sreenath Dixit & Chabungbam Victoria Devi & Gajanan Sawargaonkar, 2023. "Indigenous Peoples’ Psychological Wellbeing Amid Transitions in Shifting Cultivation Landscape: Evidence from the Indian Himalayas," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(8), pages 1-17, April.
    12. Bruns, Diedrich & Münderlein, Daniel, 2018. ""Paysage à votre santé". Gesundheitsfördernde Landschaften - Eine Betrachtung von Naturparken," Arbeitsberichte der ARL: Aufsätze, in: Weber, Florian & Weber, Friedericke & Jenal, Corinna (ed.), Wohin des Weges? Regionalentwicklung in Grossschutzgebieten, volume 21, pages 250-281, ARL – Akademie für Raumentwicklung in der Leibniz-Gemeinschaft.
    13. Sanaz Memari & Mahdieh Pazhouhanfar & Patrik Grahn, 2021. "Perceived Sensory Dimensions of Green Areas: An Experimental Study on Stress Recovery," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(10), pages 1-19, May.
    14. Haifeng Li & Wenbo Chen & Wei He, 2015. "Planning of Green Space Ecological Network in Urban Areas: An Example of Nanchang, China," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 12(10), pages 1-16, October.
    15. Denise Dillon & Sean T. H. Lee & Eunice W. L. Tai, 2024. "Flourishing or Frightening? Feelings about Natural and Built Green Spaces in Singapore," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 21(3), pages 1-19, March.
    16. Wendy McWilliam & Andreas Wesener & Anupriya Sukumar & Robert D. Brown, 2020. "Reducing the Incidence of Skin Cancer through Landscape Architecture Design Education," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(22), pages 1-18, November.
    17. Tsai-Chiao Wang & Ta-Wei Tang & Chia-Liang Tsai, 2022. "The Visual Attention and Psychological Responses from Older Customers to Wellness Service Pictures of Hotels," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(3), pages 1-12, January.
    18. Joanna Badach & Elżbieta Raszeja, 2019. "Developing a Framework for the Implementation of Landscape and Greenspace Indicators in Sustainable Urban Planning. Waterfront Landscape Management: Case Studies in Gdańsk, Poznań and Bristol," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(8), pages 1-26, April.
    19. Naphat Suwanmanee & Nopadon Kronprasert & Chomphunut Sutheerakul & Kriangkrai Arunotayanun & Damrongsak Rinchumphu, 2024. "Investigation of Outdoor Thermal Comfort for Campus Pedestrian Walkways in Thailand," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 16(2), pages 1-17, January.
    20. Hermes, Johannes & Albert, Christian & von Haaren, Christina, 2018. "Assessing the aesthetic quality of landscapes in Germany," Ecosystem Services, Elsevier, vol. 31(PC), pages 296-307.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jlands:v:13:y:2024:i:3:p:367-:d:1356943. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.