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Estimation and Dynamic Analysis of Soil Salinity Based on UAV and Sentinel-2A Multispectral Imagery in the Coastal Area, China

Author

Listed:
  • Zixuan Zhang

    (School of Geographical Sciences and Surveying Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Beijing 100083, China)

  • Beibei Niu

    (School of Resources and Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China)

  • Xinju Li

    (School of Resources and Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China)

  • Xingjian Kang

    (School of Geographical Sciences and Surveying Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Beijing 100083, China)

  • Zhenqi Hu

    (School of Environment Science and Spatial Informatics, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China)

Abstract

An efficient, convenient, and accurate method for monitoring the distribution characteristics of soil salinity is required to effectively control the damage of saline soil to the land environment and maintain a virtuous cycle of the ecological environment. There are still problems with single-monitoring data that cannot meet the requirements of different regional scales and accuracy, including inconsistent band reflectance between multi-source sensor data. This article proposes a monitoring method based on the multi-source data fusion of unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) multispectral remote sensing, Sentinel-2A satellite remote sensing, and ground-measured salinity data. The research area and two experimental fields were located in the Yellow River Delta (YRD). The results show that the back-propagation neural network model (BPNN) in the comprehensive estimation model is the best prediction model for soil salinity (modeling accuracy R 2 reaches 0.769, verification accuracy R 2 reaches 0.774). There is a strong correlation between the satellite and UAV imagery, while the Sentinel-2A imagery after reflectivity correction has a superior estimation effect. In addition, the results of dynamic analysis show that the area of non-saline soil and mild-saline soil decreased, while the area of moderately and heavily saline soils and solonchak increased. Additionally, the average area share of different classes of saline soils distributed over the land use types varied in order, from unused land > grassland > forest land > arable land, where the area share of severe-saline soil distributed on unused land changed the most (89.142%). In this study, the results of estimation are close to the true values, which supports the feasibility of the multi-source data fusion method of UAV remote sensing satellite ground measurements. It not only achieves the estimation of soil salinity and monitoring of change patterns at different scales, but also achieve high accuracy of soil salinity prediction in ascending scale regions. It provides a theoretical scientific basis for the remediation of soil salinization, land use, and environmental protection policies in coastal areas.

Suggested Citation

  • Zixuan Zhang & Beibei Niu & Xinju Li & Xingjian Kang & Zhenqi Hu, 2022. "Estimation and Dynamic Analysis of Soil Salinity Based on UAV and Sentinel-2A Multispectral Imagery in the Coastal Area, China," Land, MDPI, vol. 11(12), pages 1-21, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jlands:v:11:y:2022:i:12:p:2307-:d:1004866
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Jing Liu & Li Zhang & Tong Dong & Juanle Wang & Yanmin Fan & Hongqi Wu & Qinglong Geng & Qiangjun Yang & Zhibin Zhang, 2021. "The Applicability of Remote Sensing Models of Soil Salinization Based on Feature Space," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(24), pages 1-16, December.
    2. Zare, Ehsan & Arshad, Maryam & Zhao, Dongxue & Nachimuthu, Gunasekhar & Triantafilis, John, 2020. "Two-dimensional time-lapse imaging of soil wetting and drying cycle using EM38 data across a flood irrigation cotton field," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 241(C).
    3. Khan, Nasir M. & Rastoskuev, Victor V. & Sato, Y. & Shiozawa, S., 2005. "Assessment of hydrosaline land degradation by using a simple approach of remote sensing indicators," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 77(1-3), pages 96-109, August.
    4. Lingling Bian & Juanle Wang & Jing Liu & Baomin Han, 2021. "Spatiotemporal Changes of Soil Salinization in the Yellow River Delta of China from 2015 to 2019," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(2), pages 1-14, January.
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