IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jlands/v10y2021i8p871-d617902.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Assessing the Spatial Distribution Pattern of Street Greenery and Its Relationship with Socioeconomic Status and the Built Environment in Shanghai, China

Author

Listed:
  • Chao Xiao

    (School Economics and Management, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China)

  • Qian Shi

    (School Economics and Management, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China)

  • Chen-Jie Gu

    (School Economics and Management, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China)

Abstract

Urban greenery is widely acknowledged as a key element for creating livable urban environments and improving residents’ quality of life. However, only a few current studies on the subject of urban greenery focus on a human visual perspective and take street greenery into consideration. Street greenery is an indispensable component of urban vegetation to which residents have a higher frequency of access. Additionally, few studies focused on the disparity of the green view at a micro-level, such as at a county or community level. This study explored the spatial distribution of street greenery and its influential factors using the green view index (GVI) as the main evaluation indicator. Compared to other traditional indicators of greenery, such as the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and accessibility, GVI is recognized as a human-oriented indicator to evaluate the quantity of greenery viewed by human eyes in daily life. The downtown area of Shanghai was chosen as the case study, as it reflects the common phenomenon of street greenery in many megacities globally. In addition, county/jiedao (the same administrative area as county in China) level was selected as the minimum geographical unit to evaluate the disparity of GVI and its influential factors to fill the knowledge gap. We analyzed 233,000 pieces of street-view images from Baidu Map and other correlated data. The results showed (1) the street greenery of 70% of the downtown area of Shanghai is less than the recommended comforFogre visual environment; (2) street greenery is spatially clustered in Huangpu district, Xuhui district, college town, and the Century Park of Shanghai; (3) street-greenery distribution is positively correlated with housing price and street network density, and negatively correlated with the ratio of society vulnerability; however, it is uncorrelated to population density. According to these findings, local municipalities could improve urban planning and design by introducing a more human-oriented green-space policy that improves social equity.

Suggested Citation

  • Chao Xiao & Qian Shi & Chen-Jie Gu, 2021. "Assessing the Spatial Distribution Pattern of Street Greenery and Its Relationship with Socioeconomic Status and the Built Environment in Shanghai, China," Land, MDPI, vol. 10(8), pages 1-19, August.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jlands:v:10:y:2021:i:8:p:871-:d:617902
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2073-445X/10/8/871/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2073-445X/10/8/871/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Ye, Changdong & Hu, Lingqian & Li, Min, 2018. "Urban green space accessibility changes in a high-density city: A case study of Macau from 2010 to 2015," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 66(C), pages 106-115.
    2. Kirsten Schwarz & Michail Fragkias & Christopher G Boone & Weiqi Zhou & Melissa McHale & J Morgan Grove & Jarlath O’Neil-Dunne & Joseph P McFadden & Geoffrey L Buckley & Dan Childers & Laura Ogden & S, 2015. "Trees Grow on Money: Urban Tree Canopy Cover and Environmental Justice," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 10(4), pages 1-17, April.
    3. Yusuke Kumakoshi & Sau Yee Chan & Hideki Koizumi & Xiaojiang Li & Yuji Yoshimura, 2020. "Standardized Green View Index and Quantification of Different Metrics of Urban Green Vegetation," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(18), pages 1-16, September.
    4. Lu, Yi & Sarkar, Chinmoy & Xiao, Yang, 2018. "The effect of street-level greenery on walking behavior: Evidence from Hong Kong," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 208(C), pages 41-49.
    5. Haoying Wang & Yunfeng Hu & Li Tang & Qi Zhuo, 2020. "Distribution of Urban Blue and Green Space in Beijing and Its Influence Factors," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(6), pages 1-20, March.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Yiwei Bai & Yihang Bai & Ruoyu Wang & Tianren Yang & Xinyao Song & Bo Bai, 2023. "Exploring Associations between the Built Environment and Cycling Behaviour around Urban Greenways from a Human-Scale Perspective," Land, MDPI, vol. 12(3), pages 1-19, March.
    2. Bohong Zheng & Rui Guo & Komi Bernard Bedra & Yanfen Xiang, 2022. "Quantitative Evaluation of Urban Style at Street Level: A Case Study of Hengyang County, China," Land, MDPI, vol. 11(4), pages 1-28, March.
    3. Wanshu Wu & Ziying Ma & Jinhan Guo & Xinyi Niu & Kai Zhao, 2022. "Evaluating the Effects of Built Environment on Street Vitality at the City Level: An Empirical Research Based on Spatial Panel Durbin Model," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(3), pages 1-24, January.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Dong-ah Choi & Keunhyun Park & Alessandro Rigolon, 2020. "From XS to XL Urban Nature: Examining Access to Different Types of Green Space Using a ‘Just Sustainabilities’ Framework," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(17), pages 1-25, August.
    2. Jiancheng Lu & Xiaolong Luo & Ningning Yang & Yang Shen, 2021. "Multiple Pathways: The Influence Mechanism of Greenspace Exposure on Mental Health—A Case Study of Hangzhou, China," Land, MDPI, vol. 10(4), pages 1-17, March.
    3. Lingchao Meng & Kuo-Hsun Wen & Zhijie Zeng & Richard Brewin & Xiaolei Fan & Qiong Wu, 2020. "The Impact of Street Space Perception Factors on Elderly Health in High-Density Cities in Macau—Analysis Based on Street View Images and Deep Learning Technology," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(5), pages 1-19, February.
    4. Ahmad Adeel & Bruno Notteboom & Ansar Yasar & Kris Scheerlinck & Jeroen Stevens, 2021. "Sustainable Streetscape and Built Environment Designs around BRT Stations: A Stated Choice Experiment Using 3D Visualizations," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(12), pages 1-21, June.
    5. Theresa Kotulla & Jon Martin Denstadli & Are Oust & Elisabeth Beusker, 2019. "What Does It Take to Make the Compact City Liveable for Wider Groups? Identifying Key Neighbourhood and Dwelling Features," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(12), pages 1-18, June.
    6. Li, Chuanyao & Wang, Junren, 2022. "A hierarchical two-step floating catchment area analysis for high-tier hospital accessibility in an urban agglomeration region," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 102(C).
    7. Jing Shen & Jian Cui & Mengfei Li & Caitlin Vitosky Clarke & Yuanyuan Gao & Ruopeng An, 2021. "Green Space and Physical Activity in China: A Systematic Review," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(23), pages 1-21, December.
    8. Ina Falfán & Luis Zambrano, 2023. "Lacustrine Urban Blue Spaces: Low Availability and Inequitable Distribution in the Most Populated Cities in Mexico," Land, MDPI, vol. 12(1), pages 1-18, January.
    9. Locke, Dexter & Hall, Billy & Grove, J Morgan & Pickett, Steward T.A. & Ogden, Laura A. & Aoki, Carissa & Boone, Christopher G. & O’Neil-Dunne, Jarlath PM, 2020. "Residential housing segregation and urban tree canopy in 37 US Cities," SocArXiv 97zcs, Center for Open Science.
    10. Wimmer, Lorenz & Maus, Victor & Luckeneder, Sebastian, 2023. "Investigating social inequality of urban green spacedistribution using Sentinel-2: the case of Vienna," Ecological Economic Papers 46/2023, WU Vienna University of Economics and Business.
    11. Jean C. Bikomeye & Sima Namin & Chima Anyanwu & Caitlin S. Rublee & Jamie Ferschinger & Ken Leinbach & Patricia Lindquist & August Hoppe & Lawrence Hoffman & Justin Hegarty & Dwayne Sperber & Kirsten , 2021. "Resilience and Equity in a Time of Crises: Investing in Public Urban Greenspace Is Now More Essential Than Ever in the US and Beyond," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(16), pages 1-39, August.
    12. Jeremy Mennis & Gerald J. Stahler & Michael J. Mason, 2016. "Risky Substance Use Environments and Addiction: A New Frontier for Environmental Justice Research," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 13(6), pages 1-15, June.
    13. Omer Dogan & Jaewon Han & Sugie Lee, 2020. "Analysis of Large-Scale Residential Development on Walking Environments in Surrounding Neighborhoods: A Before-and-After Comparison of Apartment Complex Developments in Seoul, Korea," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(18), pages 1-17, September.
    14. Huidi Hao & Minmin Zhang & Jinxi Wang & Shuting Jiang & Juanjuan Ma & Yafan Hu & Hongya Niu & Balaji Panchal & Yuzhuang Sun, 2022. "Distribution Pattern and Enrichment Mechanism of Selenium in Topsoil in Handan Se-Enriched Belt, North China," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(6), pages 1-21, March.
    15. Christine C. Ekenga & Nadav Sprague & Damilola M. Shobiye, 2019. "Promoting Health-related Quality of Life in Minority Youth through Environmental Education and Nature Contact," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(13), pages 1-8, June.
    16. René Ulloa-Espíndola & Elisa Lalama-Noboa & Jenny Cuyo-Cuyo, 2022. "Toward Sustainable Urban Drainage Planning? Geospatial Assessment of Urban Vegetation Density under Socioeconomic Factors for Quito, Ecuador," Geographies, MDPI, vol. 2(3), pages 1-22, July.
    17. Woodruff, Sierra & Bae, Jinhyun & Sohn, Wonmin & Newman, Galen & Tran, Tho & Lee, Jessica & Wilkins, Chandler & Van Zandt, Shannon & Ndubisi, Forster, 2022. "Planning, development pressure, and change in green infrastructure quantity and configuration in coastal Texas," Land Use Policy, Elsevier, vol. 114(C).
    18. Andrew R. Tilman & Robert G. Haight, 2023. "Public policy for management of forest pests within an ownership mosaic," Papers 2312.05403, arXiv.org.
    19. Natalia Fumagalli & Matteo Maccarini & Roberto Rovelli & Rita Berto & Giulio Senes, 2020. "An Exploratory Study of Users’ Preference for Different Planting Combinations along Rural Greenways," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(5), pages 1-19, March.
    20. Shima Hamidi & Somayeh Moazzeni, 2019. "Examining the Relationship between Urban Design Qualities and Walking Behavior: Empirical Evidence from Dallas, TX," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(10), pages 1-14, May.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jlands:v:10:y:2021:i:8:p:871-:d:617902. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.