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Vulnerability of Subaerial and Submarine Landscapes: The Sand Falls in Cabo San Lucas, Mexico

Author

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  • Juan Carlos Alcérreca-Huerta

    (Department of Observation and Study of the Earth, the Atmosphere and the Ocean, National Council of Science and Technology-The Southern Border College (CONACYT-ECOSUR), Chetumal 77014, Mexico)

  • Jorge R. Montiel-Hernández

    (Institute of Marine Sciences and Limnology, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City 04510, Mexico)

  • Mariana E. Callejas-Jiménez

    (Department of Observation and Study of the Earth, the Atmosphere and the Ocean, The Southern Border College (ECOSUR), Chetumal 77014, Mexico)

  • Dulce A. Hernández-Avilés

    (Faculty of Architecture, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City 04510, Mexico)

  • Giorgio Anfuso

    (Department of Earth Science, Faculty of Marine and Environmental Sciences, University of Cadiz, 11003 Cadiz, Spain)

  • Rodolfo Silva

    (Institute of Engineering, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City 04510, Mexico)

Abstract

The coastal landscape of the south of the Baja California peninsula provides significant socio-economic benefits based on tourism. An analysis of coastal vulnerability was conducted for Cabo San Lucas, considering wave climate conditions, sediment characterization, beach profiles, and the historical occurrence of coastline changes, hurricanes, and El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) events. The coastal scenery was also classified considering the landscape value of the environment from a touristic point of view, based on human and natural interactions on the landscape. Results show that the vulnerability increases close to the submarine sand falls, near intense urbanization, in resort areas, and at locations with narrow beach and dune widths. The degree of vulnerability along the coast alters abruptly, as urban and recreational sites alternate with natural sites. This coastline has seen exponential development since the 1980s, resulting in highly vulnerable areas with a low, and decreasing, touristic value, as the landscape has been changed into an urban settlement with limited natural attractions. Urban and recreational settlements threaten to cover dunes and reservoirs of natural sediments, increasingly affecting vulnerability in the area as well as the landscape values of many parts of the coast, including the submarine sand falls.

Suggested Citation

  • Juan Carlos Alcérreca-Huerta & Jorge R. Montiel-Hernández & Mariana E. Callejas-Jiménez & Dulce A. Hernández-Avilés & Giorgio Anfuso & Rodolfo Silva, 2020. "Vulnerability of Subaerial and Submarine Landscapes: The Sand Falls in Cabo San Lucas, Mexico," Land, MDPI, vol. 10(1), pages 1-18, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jlands:v:10:y:2020:i:1:p:27-:d:472988
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Anfuso, G. & Williams, A.T. & Cabrera Hernández, J.A. & Pranzini, E., 2014. "Coastal scenic assessment and tourism management in western Cuba," Tourism Management, Elsevier, vol. 42(C), pages 307-320.
    2. Lola Vallejo & Michael Mullan, 2017. "Climate-resilient infrastructure: Getting the policies right," OECD Environment Working Papers 121, OECD Publishing.
    3. Rangel-Buitrago, N. & Correa, I.D. & Anfuso, G. & Ergin, A. & Williams, A.T., 2013. "Assessing and managing scenery of the Caribbean Coast of Colombia," Tourism Management, Elsevier, vol. 35(C), pages 41-58.
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    Cited by:

    1. Juan Carlos Alcérreca-Huerta & Cesia J. Cruz-Ramírez & Laura R. de Almeida & Valeria Chávez & Rodolfo Silva, 2022. "Interconnections between Coastal Sediments, Hydrodynamics, and Ecosystem Profiles on the Mexican Caribbean Coast," Land, MDPI, vol. 11(4), pages 1-22, April.

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