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A Low-Cost Sensor System Installed in Buses to Monitor Air Quality in Cities

Author

Listed:
  • Carolina Correia

    (Centro de Ciências e Tecnologias Nucleares, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Estrada Nacional 10, 2695-066 Bobadela, Portugal)

  • Vânia Martins

    (Centro de Ciências e Tecnologias Nucleares, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Estrada Nacional 10, 2695-066 Bobadela, Portugal)

  • Bernardo Matroca

    (Centro de Ciências e Tecnologias Nucleares, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Estrada Nacional 10, 2695-066 Bobadela, Portugal)

  • Pedro Santana

    (ISCTE—Instituto Universitário de Lisboa (ISCTE-IUL), Av. das Forças Armadas, 1649-026 Lisboa, Portugal
    ISTAR—Information Sciences and Technologies and Architecture Research Center, Av. das Forças Armadas, 1649-026 Lisboa, Portugal)

  • Pedro Mariano

    (Centro de Ciências e Tecnologias Nucleares, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Estrada Nacional 10, 2695-066 Bobadela, Portugal)

  • Alexandre Almeida

    (ISCTE—Instituto Universitário de Lisboa (ISCTE-IUL), Av. das Forças Armadas, 1649-026 Lisboa, Portugal
    Instituto de Telecomunicações, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal)

  • Susana Marta Almeida

    (Centro de Ciências e Tecnologias Nucleares, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Estrada Nacional 10, 2695-066 Bobadela, Portugal)

Abstract

Air pollution is an important source of morbidity and mortality. It is essential to understand to what levels of air pollution citizens are exposed, especially in urban areas. Low-cost sensors are an easy-to-use option to obtain real-time air quality (AQ) data, provided that they go through specific quality control procedures. This paper evaluates the reliability of the ExpoLIS system. This system is composed of sensor nodes installed in buses, and a Health Optimal Routing Service App to inform the commuters about their exposure, dose, and the transport’s emissions. A sensor node, including a particulate matter (PM) sensor (Alphasense OPC-N3), was evaluated in laboratory conditions and at an AQ monitoring station. In laboratory conditions (approximately constant temperature and humidity conditions), the PM sensor obtained excellent correlations (R 2 ≈1) against the reference equipment. At the monitoring station, the OPC-N3 showed considerable data dispersion. After several corrections based on the k-Köhler theory and Multiple Regression Analysis, the deviation was reduced and the correlation with the reference improved. Finally, the ExpoLIS system was installed, leading to the production of AQ maps with high spatial and temporal resolution, and to the demonstration of the Health Optimal Routing Service App as a valuable tool.

Suggested Citation

  • Carolina Correia & Vânia Martins & Bernardo Matroca & Pedro Santana & Pedro Mariano & Alexandre Almeida & Susana Marta Almeida, 2023. "A Low-Cost Sensor System Installed in Buses to Monitor Air Quality in Cities," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(5), pages 1-16, February.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:20:y:2023:i:5:p:4073-:d:1079421
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Michelle Snyder & Saravanan Arunachalam & Vlad Isakov & Kevin Talgo & Brian Naess & Alejandro Valencia & Mohammad Omary & Neil Davis & Rich Cook & Adel Hanna, 2014. "Creating Locally-Resolved Mobile-Source Emissions Inputs for Air Quality Modeling in Support of an Exposure Study in Detroit, Michigan, USA," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 11(12), pages 1-28, December.
    2. Erick Calvo & Mario Ferrer, 2018. "Evaluating the quality of the service offered by a bus rapid transit system: the case of Transmetro BRT system in Barranquilla, Colombia," International Journal of Urban Sciences, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 22(3), pages 392-413, July.
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