IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jijerp/v20y2023i3p1747-d1039401.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the Mental Health of Teachers and Its Possible Risk Factors: A Systematic Review

Author

Listed:
  • Iago Sávyo Duarte Santiago

    (School of Medicine, Federal University of Cariri (UFCA), Barbalha 60430-160, Brazil)

  • Emanuelle Pereira dos Santos

    (School of Medicine, Federal University of Cariri (UFCA), Barbalha 60430-160, Brazil)

  • José Arinelson da Silva

    (School of Medicine, Federal University of Cariri (UFCA), Barbalha 60430-160, Brazil)

  • Yuri de Sousa Cavalcante

    (School of Medicine, Federal University of Cariri (UFCA), Barbalha 60430-160, Brazil)

  • Jucier Gonçalves Júnior

    (Division of Rheumatology, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 05403-010, Brazil)

  • Angélica Rodrigues de Souza Costa

    (Programa de Pós-Graduação em Desenvolvimento Regional Sustentável (PRODER), Federal University of Cariri (UFCA), Juazeiro do Norte 63048-080, Brazil)

  • Estelita Lima Cândido

    (School of Medicine, Federal University of Cariri (UFCA), Barbalha 60430-160, Brazil
    Programa de Pós-Graduação em Desenvolvimento Regional Sustentável (PRODER), Federal University of Cariri (UFCA), Juazeiro do Norte 63048-080, Brazil)

Abstract

(1) Objective: The objective was to analyze the development of psychiatric pathologies/burnout syndrome and their possible risk factors in teachers in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. (2) Methods: A qualitative systematic review was carried out, according to the PRISMA protocol, in the PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases using a combination of the following descriptors [MeSH]: “mental health”, “mental disorders’’, “covid-19” and “school teachers’’. Articles selected were written in English, Portuguese and Spanish, published between November 2019 and December 2022. (3) Results: The most common psychiatric pathologies were generalized anxiety disorders and depression. Burnout syndrome was also quite prevalent. Of the 776 articles identified, 42 were selected after applying the eligibility criteria. Although there is variability among the analyzed studies, the risk factors most correlated with increased morbidity in teachers were: (i) being female; (ii) age below the fifth decade of life; (iii) pre-existence of chronic or psychiatric illnesses before the pandemic; (iv) difficulty in adapting to the distance education model; (v) family/work conflicts; (vi) negative symptoms caused by the pandemic. (4) Conclusions: Therefore, the COVID-19 impact on mental health appears to be more common in female teachers in their fifth decade of life and with pre-existing psychiatric comorbidities. However, prospective studies are needed to better map this situation.

Suggested Citation

  • Iago Sávyo Duarte Santiago & Emanuelle Pereira dos Santos & José Arinelson da Silva & Yuri de Sousa Cavalcante & Jucier Gonçalves Júnior & Angélica Rodrigues de Souza Costa & Estelita Lima Cândido, 2023. "The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the Mental Health of Teachers and Its Possible Risk Factors: A Systematic Review," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(3), pages 1-30, January.
  • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:20:y:2023:i:3:p:1747-:d:1039401
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/20/3/1747/pdf
    Download Restriction: no

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/20/3/1747/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Patricia Solís García & Rocío Lago Urbano & Sara Real Castelao, 2021. "Consequences of COVID-19 Confinement for Teachers: Family-Work Interactions, Technostress, and Perceived Organizational Support," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(21), pages 1-9, October.
    2. Pablo A. Lizana & Gustavo Vega-Fernadez & Alejandro Gomez-Bruton & Bárbara Leyton & Lydia Lera, 2021. "Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Teacher Quality of Life: A Longitudinal Study from before and during the Health Crisis," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(7), pages 1-11, April.
    3. Ion Ovidiu Panisoara & Iulia Lazar & Georgeta Panisoara & Ruxandra Chirca & Anca Simona Ursu, 2020. "Motivation and Continuance Intention towards Online Instruction among Teachers during the COVID-19 Pandemic: The Mediating Effect of Burnout and Technostress," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(21), pages 1-28, October.
    4. Stefania Cataudella & Stefano Mariano Carta & Maria Lidia Mascia & Carmelo Masala & Donatella Rita Petretto & Mirian Agus & Maria Pietronilla Penna, 2021. "Teaching in Times of the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Pilot Study on Teachers’ Self-Esteem and Self-Efficacy in an Italian Sample," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(15), pages 1-14, August.
    5. Johanna Andrea Navarro-Espinosa & Manuel Vaquero-Abellán & Alberto-Jesús Perea-Moreno & Gerardo Pedrós-Pérez & Pilar Aparicio-Martínez & Maria Pilar Martínez-Jiménez, 2021. "The Influence of Technology on Mental Well-Being of STEM Teachers at University Level: COVID-19 as a Stressor," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(18), pages 1-23, September.
    6. Huaruo Chen & Fan Liu & Liman Pang & Fei Liu & Tingting Fang & Ya Wen & Shi Chen & Zhiyao Xie & Xuehui Zhang & Yihong Zhao & Xueying Gu, 2020. "Are You Tired of Working amid the Pandemic? The Role of Professional Identity and Job Satisfaction against Job Burnout," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(24), pages 1-14, December.
    7. Belinda Agyapong & Gloria Obuobi-Donkor & Lisa Burback & Yifeng Wei, 2022. "Stress, Burnout, Anxiety and Depression among Teachers: A Scoping Review," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(17), pages 1-42, August.
    8. Ken Randall & Timothy G. Ford & Kyong-Ah Kwon & Susan S. Sisson & Matthew R. Bice & Danae Dinkel & Jessica Tsotsoros, 2021. "Physical Activity, Physical Well-Being, and Psychological Well-Being: Associations with Life Satisfaction during the COVID-19 Pandemic among Early Childhood Educators," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(18), pages 1-20, September.
    9. Pablo A. Lizana & Lydia Lera, 2022. "Depression, Anxiety, and Stress among Teachers during the Second COVID-19 Wave," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(10), pages 1-12, May.
    10. Hjordis Sigursteinsdottir & Gudbjorg Linda Rafnsdottir, 2022. "The Well-Being of Primary School Teachers during COVID-19," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(18), pages 1-12, September.
    11. Fei Liu & Huaruo Chen & Jie Xu & Ya Wen & Tingting Fang, 2021. "Exploring the Relationships between Resilience and Turnover Intention in Chinese High School Teachers: Considering the Moderating Role of Job Burnout," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(12), pages 1-15, June.
    12. Clemens Koestner & Viktoria Eggert & Theresa Dicks & Kristin Kalo & Carolina Zähme & Pavel Dietz & Stephan Letzel & Till Beutel, 2022. "Psychological Burdens among Teachers in Germany during the SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic—Subgroup Analysis from a Nationwide Cross-Sectional Online Survey," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(15), pages 1-16, August.
    13. Jerome Flores & Alejandra Caqueo-Urízar & Michael Escobar & Matías Irarrázaval, 2022. "Well-Being and Mental Health in Teachers: The Life Impact of COVID-19," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(22), pages 1-12, November.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Nada Marić & Aleksandar Popović & Sonja Peričević Medić & Milorad Španović & Nataša Maksimović, 2023. "Prevalence and Factors Associated with Mental Health Problems among Essential and Nonessential Workers during the COVID-19 Pandemic, June 2021, in an Unstable and Developing Country: A Cross-Sectional," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(6), pages 1-18, March.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Valentina Gómez-Domínguez & Diego Navarro-Mateu & Vicente Javier Prado-Gascó & Teresa Gómez-Domínguez, 2022. "How Much Do We Care about Teacher Burnout during the Pandemic: A Bibliometric Review," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(12), pages 1-24, June.
    2. Nobuyuki Wakui & Nanae Noguchi & Kotoha Ichikawa & Chikako Togawa & Raini Matsuoka & Yukiko Yoshizawa & Shunsuke Shirozu & Kenichi Suzuki & Mizue Ozawa & Takahiro Yanagiya & Mayumi Kikuchi, 2022. "Psychological and Physical Changes Caused by COVID-19 Pandemic in Elementary and Junior High School Teachers: A Cross-Sectional Study," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(13), pages 1-13, June.
    3. Petra Lücker & Anika Kästner & Arne Hannich & Lena Schmeyers & Janny Lücker & Wolfgang Hoffmann, 2022. "Stress, Coping and Considerations of Leaving the Profession—A Cross-Sectional Online Survey of Teachers and School Principals after Two Years of the Pandemic," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(23), pages 1-17, December.
    4. Pheerasak Assavanopakun & Tharntip Promkutkao & Suchat Promkutkeo & Wachiranun Sirikul, 2022. "Perspectives and Factors Affecting the Preventive Behavior Pertinent to COVID-19 among School Employees in Chiang Mai, Thailand: A Cross-Sectional Study," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(9), pages 1-12, May.
    5. Amanda M. Wilson & Olusola O. Ogunseye & Olivia DiGioia & Lynn B. Gerald & Ashley A. Lowe, 2022. "Barriers to COVID-19 Intervention Implementation in K-5 Classrooms: A Survey of Teachers from a District with Mask Mandates despite a Statewide Mask Mandate Ban," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(14), pages 1-10, July.
    6. Jerome Flores & Alejandra Caqueo-Urízar & Michael Escobar & Matías Irarrázaval, 2022. "Well-Being and Mental Health in Teachers: The Life Impact of COVID-19," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(22), pages 1-12, November.
    7. Diego Vergara-Rodríguez & Álvaro Antón-Sancho & Pablo Fernández-Arias, 2022. "Variables Influencing Professors’ Adaptation to Digital Learning Environments during the COVID-19 Pandemic," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(6), pages 1-20, March.
    8. Johanna Andrea Navarro-Espinosa & Manuel Vaquero-Abellán & Alberto-Jesús Perea-Moreno & Gerardo Pedrós-Pérez & Pilar Aparicio-Martínez & Maria Pilar Martínez-Jiménez, 2021. "The Influence of Technology on Mental Well-Being of STEM Teachers at University Level: COVID-19 as a Stressor," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(18), pages 1-23, September.
    9. Fabio Fontana & Kelsey Bourbeau & Terence Moriarty & Michael Pereira da Silva, 2022. "The Relationship between Physical Activity, Sleep Quality, and Stress: A Study of Teachers during the COVID-19 Pandemic," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(23), pages 1-9, November.
    10. Laura Parte & Teresa Herrador-Alcaide, 2021. "Teaching Disruption by COVID-19: Burnout, Isolation, and Sense of Belonging in Accounting Tutors in E-Learning and B-Learning," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(19), pages 1-22, September.
    11. Francesco Pace & Giulia Sciotto & Naomi Alexia Randazzo & Vincenza Macaluso, 2022. "Teachers’ Work-Related Well-Being in Times of COVID-19: The Effects of Technostress and Online Teaching," Social Sciences, MDPI, vol. 11(10), pages 1-10, October.
    12. Fei Liu & Huaruo Chen & Jie Xu & Ya Wen & Tingting Fang, 2021. "Exploring the Relationships between Resilience and Turnover Intention in Chinese High School Teachers: Considering the Moderating Role of Job Burnout," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(12), pages 1-15, June.
    13. Lev S. Mazelis & Kirill I. Lavrenyuk & Gleb V. Grenkin, 2023. "Analysis of the Relation Between Expectation of Employees from Corporate Environment and their Burnout," Journal of Applied Economic Research, Graduate School of Economics and Management, Ural Federal University, vol. 22(4), pages 1034-1055.
    14. Andi Muhammad Tri Sakti & Siti Zaiton Mohd Ajis & Arina Anis Azlan & Hyung Joon Kim & Elizabeth Wong & Emma Mohamad, 2022. "Impact of COVID-19 on School Populations and Associated Factors: A Systematic Review," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(7), pages 1-17, March.
    15. Mélèa Saïd & Sofia Temam & Stephanie Alexander & Nathalie Billaudeau & Marie Zins & Sofiane Kab & Marie-Noël Vercambre, 2022. "Teachers’ Health: How General, Mental and Functional Health Indicators Compare to Other Employees? A Large French Population-Based Study," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(18), pages 1-15, September.
    16. Nathalie Billaudeau & Stephanie Alexander & Louise Magnard & Sofia Temam & Marie-Noël Vercambre, 2022. "What Levers to Promote Teachers’ Wellbeing during the COVID-19 Pandemic and Beyond: Lessons Learned from a 2021 Online Study in Six Countries," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(15), pages 1-17, July.
    17. Saqib Saeed & Abdullah M. Almuhaideb & Yasser A. Bamarouf & Dina A. Alabaad & Hina Gull & Madeeha Saqib & Sardar Zafar Iqbal & Asiya Abdus Salam, 2021. "Sustainable Program Assessment Practices: A Review of the ABET and NCAAA Computer Information Systems Accreditation Process," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(23), pages 1-14, December.
    18. Susan B. Sisson & Adrien Malek-Lasater & Timothy G. Ford & Diane Horm & Kyong-Ah Kwon, 2023. "Predictors of Overweight and Obesity in Early Care and Education Teachers during COVID-19," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(3), pages 1-16, February.
    19. Mingze Li & Shuting Peng & Liwen Liu, 2022. "How Do Team Cooperative Goals Influence Thriving at Work: The Mediating Role of Team Time Consensus," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(9), pages 1-12, April.
    20. Sergio Edú-Valsania & Ana Laguía & Juan A. Moriano, 2022. "Burnout: A Review of Theory and Measurement," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(3), pages 1-27, February.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:20:y:2023:i:3:p:1747-:d:1039401. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.