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Life Course Assessment of Area-Based Social Disadvantage: A Systematic Review

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  • Sarah A. Keller

    (Center for Health Disparities Research, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53726, USA
    Department of Population Health Sciences, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53726, USA)

  • Sarah Lim

    (Center for Health Disparities Research, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53726, USA)

  • William R. Buckingham

    (Center for Health Disparities Research, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53726, USA)

  • Amy J. H. Kind

    (Center for Health Disparities Research, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53726, USA
    Wisconsin Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53726, USA
    Department of Medicine, Geriatrics Division, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53726, USA)

Abstract

Area-based social disadvantage, which measures the income, employment, and housing quality in one’s community, can impact an individual’s health above person-level factors. A life course approach examines how exposure to disadvantage can affect health in later life. This systematic review aimed to summarize the approaches used to assess exposure to area-based disadvantage over a life course, specifically those that define the length and timing of exposure. We reviewed the abstracts of 831 articles based on the following criteria: (1) whether the abstract described original research; (2) whether the study was longitudinal; (3) whether area-based social disadvantage was an exposure variable; (4) whether area-based social disadvantage was assessed at multiple points; and (5) whether exposure was assessed from childhood to older adulthood. Zero articles met all the above criteria, so we relaxed the fifth criterion in a secondary review. Six studies met our secondary criteria and were eligible for data extraction. The included studies followed subjects from childhood into adulthood, but none assessed disadvantages in late life. The approaches used to assess exposure included creating a cumulative disadvantage score, conducting a comparison between life course periods, and modeling the trajectory of disadvantage over time. Additional research was needed to validate the methodologies described here, specifically in terms of measuring the impact of area-based social disadvantage on health.

Suggested Citation

  • Sarah A. Keller & Sarah Lim & William R. Buckingham & Amy J. H. Kind, 2023. "Life Course Assessment of Area-Based Social Disadvantage: A Systematic Review," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(21), pages 1-10, October.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:20:y:2023:i:21:p:6982-:d:1268528
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Emily T Murray & Owen Nicholas & Paul Norman & Stephen Jivraj, 2021. "Life Course Neighborhood Deprivation Effects on Body Mass Index: Quantifying the Importance of Selective Migration," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(16), pages 1-12, August.
    2. Gustafsson, P.E. & Miguel, S.S. & Janlert, U. & Theorell, T. & Westerlund, H. & Hammarström, A., 2014. "Life-Course accumulation of neighborhood disadvantage and allostatic load: Empirical integration of three social determinants of health frameworks," American Journal of Public Health, American Public Health Association, vol. 104(5), pages 904-910.
    3. Sarah A. Keller & Kellia J. Hansmann & W. Ryan Powell & Barbara B. Bendlin & Amy J. H. Kind, 2021. "A Scoping Review of the Association of Social Disadvantage and Cerebrovascular Disease Confirmed by Neuroimaging and Neuropathology," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(13), pages 1-15, July.
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