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Nutrient Intake and Dietary Acid Load of Special Diets in the NHANES: A Descriptive Analysis (2009–2018)

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  • Maximilian Andreas Storz

    (Department of Internal Medicine II, Center for Complementary Medicine, Freiburg University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany)

  • Alexander Müller

    (Department of Internal Medicine II, Center for Complementary Medicine, Freiburg University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany)

  • Alvaro Luis Ronco

    (Unit of Oncology and Radiotherapy, Pereira Rossell Women’s Hospital, Bvard. Artigas 1590, Montevideo 11600, Uruguay)

Abstract

Western diets are characterized by a high dietary acid load (DAL), which has been associated with adverse clinical outcomes, including type-2-diabetes and metabolic syndrome. Effective dietary strategies to lower DAL are urgently warranted. Plant-based diets (PBD), including vegetarian and vegan diets, are an effective measure to reduce DAL. Notably, not every individual wishes to adopt a PBD. Instead, many people rely on special diets promising comparable health benefits. The effects of those diets on DAL have rarely been investigated. Using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys, we aimed to quantify DAL and nutrient intake in the most popular special diets in the United States, including weight-loss, low fat, low salt, low sugar, and diabetic diets. Our analysis included 3552 individuals on a special diet. The most popular diets were the weight-loss diet ( n = 1886 individuals) and the diabetic diet ( n = 728). Energy intake was below 2000 kcal/d for all diets; however, there were no statistically significant intergroup differences. DAL scores were positive for all special diets (>9 mEq/d), suggesting acidifying properties. Acid load scores of special diets did not differ significantly and were comparable to a standard Western diet. None of the examined diets was associated with alkaline properties.

Suggested Citation

  • Maximilian Andreas Storz & Alexander Müller & Alvaro Luis Ronco, 2022. "Nutrient Intake and Dietary Acid Load of Special Diets in the NHANES: A Descriptive Analysis (2009–2018)," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(9), pages 1-11, May.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:19:y:2022:i:9:p:5748-:d:811303
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. András Fehér & Michał Gazdecki & Miklós Véha & Márk Szakály & Zoltán Szakály, 2020. "A Comprehensive Review of the Benefits of and the Barriers to the Switch to a Plant-Based Diet," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(10), pages 1-18, May.
    2. Alexander Müller & Amy Marisa Zimmermann-Klemd & Ann-Kathrin Lederer & Luciana Hannibal & Stefanie Kowarschik & Roman Huber & Maximilian Andreas Storz, 2021. "A Vegan Diet Is Associated with a Significant Reduction in Dietary Acid Load: Post Hoc Analysis of a Randomized Controlled Trial in Healthy Individuals," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(19), pages 1-12, September.
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