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Microalgal Cultures for the Bioremediation of Urban Wastewaters in the Presence of Siloxanes

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  • Eva M. Salgado

    (LEPABE—Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
    ALiCE—Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal)

  • Ana L. Gonçalves

    (LEPABE—Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
    ALiCE—Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal)

  • Francisco Sánchez-Soberón

    (LEPABE—Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
    ALiCE—Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal)

  • Nuno Ratola

    (LEPABE—Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
    ALiCE—Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal)

  • José C. M. Pires

    (LEPABE—Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
    ALiCE—Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal)

Abstract

Microalgae are widely used in the bioremediation of wastewaters due to their efficient removal of pollutants such as nitrogen, phosphorus, and contaminants of emerging concern (CECs). Siloxanes are CECs that reach wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs), leading to the production of biogas enriched with these compounds, associated with the breakdown of cogeneration equipment. The biological removal of siloxanes from wastewaters could be a sustainable alternative to the costly existing technologies, but no investigation has been performed using microalgal cultures for this purpose. This study evaluated the ability of Chlorella vulgaris to bioremediate primary (PE) and secondary (SE) urban effluents and remove volatile methylsiloxanes (VMSs). C. vulgaris grew successfully in both effluents, and approximately 86% of nitrogen and 80% of phosphorus were efficiently removed from the PE, while 52% of nitrogen and 87% of phosphorus were removed from the SE, and the presence of VMSs does not seem to have a negative influence on nutrient removal. Three out of the seven of the analysed VMSs were detected in the microalgal biomass at the end of the PE assay. However, dodecamethylcyclohexasiloxane (D6) was the one that accumulated to a greater extent, since 48% of the initial mass of D6 was detected in the biomass samples. D6 is one of the most lipophilic VMSs, which might contribute to the higher adsorption onto the surface of microalgae. Overall, the results indicate C. vulgaris ’ potential to remove specific VMSs from effluents.

Suggested Citation

  • Eva M. Salgado & Ana L. Gonçalves & Francisco Sánchez-Soberón & Nuno Ratola & José C. M. Pires, 2022. "Microalgal Cultures for the Bioremediation of Urban Wastewaters in the Presence of Siloxanes," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(5), pages 1-27, February.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:19:y:2022:i:5:p:2634-:d:757583
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Lam, Man Kee & Yusoff, Mohammad Iqram & Uemura, Yoshimitsu & Lim, Jun Wei & Khoo, Choon Gek & Lee, Keat Teong & Ong, Hwai Chyuan, 2017. "Cultivation of Chlorella vulgaris using nutrients source from domestic wastewater for biodiesel production: Growth condition and kinetic studies," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 103(C), pages 197-207.
    2. Pardon Nyamukamba & Patrick Mukumba & Evernice Shelter Chikukwa & Golden Makaka, 2020. "Biogas Upgrading Approaches with Special Focus on Siloxane Removal—A Review," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(22), pages 1-17, November.
    3. de Arespacochaga, N. & Valderrama, C. & Raich-Montiu, J. & Crest, M. & Mehta, S. & Cortina, J.L., 2015. "Understanding the effects of the origin, occurrence, monitoring, control, fate and removal of siloxanes on the energetic valorization of sewage biogas—A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 52(C), pages 366-381.
    4. Maria I. Silva & Ana L. Gonçalves & Vítor J. P. Vilar & José C. M. Pires, 2021. "Experimental and Techno-Economic Study on the Use of Microalgae for Paper Industry Effluents Remediation," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(3), pages 1-29, January.
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    1. Nitschke, Alexander & Hitzemann, Moritz & Winkelholz, Jonas & Kobelt, Tim & Thoben, Christian & Lippmann, Martin & Stolpe, Lennard & Plinke, Henrik & Zimmermann, Stefan, 2024. "Ultra-fast polarity switching GC-IMS for the analysis of volatiles in biogas," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 231(C).

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