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Prognostic Performance of Cystatin C in COVID-19: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

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  • Michal Matuszewski

    (Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Therapy, Central Clinical Hospital of the Ministry of Interior and Administration, 02-507 Warsaw, Poland)

  • Yurii Reznikov

    (European School of Medicine, International European University, 03187 Kyiv, Ukraine)

  • Michal Pruc

    (Research Unit, Polish Society of Disaster Medicine, 05-806 Warsaw, Poland)

  • Frank W. Peacock

    (Henry JN Taub Department of Emergency Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA)

  • Alla Navolokina

    (European School of Medicine, International European University, 03187 Kyiv, Ukraine)

  • Raúl Júarez-Vela

    (GRUPAC, Department in Nursing, University of La Rioja, 26004 Logroño, Spain)

  • Lukasz Jankowski

    (Clinic of Transplantation Medicine, Nephrology and Internal Diseases, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland)

  • Zubaid Rafique

    (Henry JN Taub Department of Emergency Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA)

  • Lukasz Szarpak

    (Henry JN Taub Department of Emergency Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
    Institute of Outcomes Research, Maria Sklodowska-Curie Medical Academy, 00-136 Warsaw, Poland)

Abstract

Cystatin C is a specific biomarker of kidney function. We perform this meta-analysis to determine the association of Cystatin C with the COVID-19 severity. In this systematic review and meta-analysis, we searched PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane library, and Web of Science for studies published until 2nd September 2022 that reported associations between Cystatin C levels and COVID-19 severity. The analysis was performed using a random-effects model to calculate pooled standard mean difference (SMD). Twenty-five studies were included in the meta-analysis. Pooled analysis showed statistically significant differences of Cystatin C levels among survive vs. decreased patients (0.998 ± 0.225 vs. 1.328 ± 0.475 mg/dL, respectively; SMD = −2.14; 95%CI: −3.28 to −1.01; p < 0.001). Cystatin C levels in COVID-19 severe vs. non-severe groups varied and amounted to 1.485 ± 1.191 vs. 1.014 ± 0.601 mg/dL, respectively (SMD = 1.81; 95%CI: 1.29 to 2.32; p < 0.001). Additionally, pooled analysis showed that Cystatin C levels in patients with acute kidney injury (AKI) was 1.562 ± 0.885 mg/dL, compared to 0.811 ± 0.108 mg/dL for patients without AKI (SMD = 4.56; 95%CI: 0.27 to 8.85; p = 0.04). Summing up, Cystatin C is a potentially very good marker to be used in the context of COVID-19 disease due to the prognosis of patients’ serious condition, risk of AKI and mortality. In addition, Cystatin C could be used as a marker of renal complications in COVID-19 other than AKI due to the need to monitor patients even longer after leaving the hospital.

Suggested Citation

  • Michal Matuszewski & Yurii Reznikov & Michal Pruc & Frank W. Peacock & Alla Navolokina & Raúl Júarez-Vela & Lukasz Jankowski & Zubaid Rafique & Lukasz Szarpak, 2022. "Prognostic Performance of Cystatin C in COVID-19: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(21), pages 1-10, November.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:19:y:2022:i:21:p:14607-:d:965599
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    2. Ziyad Al-Aly & Yan Xie & Benjamin Bowe, 2021. "High-dimensional characterization of post-acute sequelae of COVID-19," Nature, Nature, vol. 594(7862), pages 259-264, June.
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