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The Effect of COVID-19 Lockdown on PHQ Depression Screening Scores for High School Athletes

Author

Listed:
  • Devin P. Adams

    (Transforming Mental Health, Rady Children’s Hospital, San Diego, CA 92123, USA)

  • Jasmine R. Holt

    (Transforming Mental Health, Rady Children’s Hospital, San Diego, CA 92123, USA)

  • Jenna A. Martin

    (Medical Practice Foundation, Rady Children’s Hospital, San Diego, CA 92123, USA)

  • Danielle M. Houpy

    (Transforming Mental Health, Rady Children’s Hospital, San Diego, CA 92123, USA)

  • Kathryn A. Hollenbach

    (Transforming Mental Health, Rady Children’s Hospital, San Diego, CA 92123, USA
    Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, CA 92093, USA)

Abstract

Adolescent behavioral health was in crisis before COVID-19. The shutdown and reopening of in-person learning and extracurricular activities may have worsened this crisis. We examined high school athletes’ depression before and during the pandemic. Data were collected as part of a pilot program incorporating Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ) screenings during high school sports physicals before the COVID-19 lockdown and three timepoints after. Statistical comparisons were made using logistic regression. A total of 927 individual scores were analyzed: 385 from spring 2020; 145 from fall 2020; 163 from fall 2021; and 234 from spring 2022. Fall 2020 students were 3.7 times more likely to have elevated PHQ-2 scores than spring 2020 students (95% CI = 1.8, 7.6). Fall 2021 and spring 2022 scores did not differ significantly from pre-pandemic, although trends of elevated scores persisted (OR = 1.6; 95% CI = 0.7, 3.5, and OR = 1.2; 95% CI = 0.6, 2.4, respectively). A significant difference in PHQ-9 depression severity classification was detected over time ( p < 0.01). Elevated PHQ scores were found after the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic. After the initial peak in fall 2020, scores decreased but did not reach pre-pandemic levels.

Suggested Citation

  • Devin P. Adams & Jasmine R. Holt & Jenna A. Martin & Danielle M. Houpy & Kathryn A. Hollenbach, 2022. "The Effect of COVID-19 Lockdown on PHQ Depression Screening Scores for High School Athletes," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(16), pages 1-9, August.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:19:y:2022:i:16:p:9943-:d:886272
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    4. Heather A. Shepherd & Taffin Evans & Srijal Gupta & Meghan H. McDonough & Patricia Doyle-Baker & Kathy L. Belton & Shazya Karmali & Samantha Pawer & Gabrielle Hadly & Ian Pike & Stephanie A. Adams & S, 2021. "The Impact of COVID-19 on High School Student-Athlete Experiences with Physical Activity, Mental Health, and Social Connection," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(7), pages 1-14, March.
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