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Symptoms of Anxiety, Depression, and Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder in Health Care Personnel in Norwegian ICUs during the First Wave of the COVID-19 Pandemic, a Prospective, Observational Cross-Sectional Study

Author

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  • Siv Karlsson Stafseth

    (Department of Postoperative and Intensive Care, Division of Emergencies and Critical Care, Oslo University Hospital, 0424 Oslo, Norway
    MEVU, Lovisenberg Diaconal University College, 0456 Oslo, Norway)

  • Laila Skogstad

    (Department of Health and Care Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, 9019 Tromsø, Norway)

  • Johan Ræder

    (Department of Anaesthesiology, Division of Emergencies and Critical Care, Oslo University Hospital, 0424 Oslo, Norway
    Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, 0313 Oslo, Norway)

  • Ingvild Strand Hovland

    (Department of Acute Medicine, Division of Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, 0424 Oslo, Norway)

  • Haakon Hovde

    (The Norwegian Association for Critical Care Nurses, 0152 Oslo, Norway)

  • Øivind Ekeberg

    (Psychosomatic and Consultation-Liaison Psychiatry, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, 0424 Oslo, Norway)

  • Irene Lie

    (Centre for Patient-Centered Heart and Lung Research, Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Division of Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Diseases, Oslo University Hospital, 0424 Oslo, Norway
    Department of Health Sciences in Gjøvik, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 2815 Gjøvik, Norway)

Abstract

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has induced demanding work situations in intensive care units (ICU). The objective of our study was to survey psychological reactions, the disturbance of social life, work effort, and support in ICU nurses, physicians, and leaders. Methods: From May to July 2020, this cross-sectional study included 484 ICU professionals from 27 hospitals throughout Norway. Symptoms of anxiety and depression were measured on Hopkins Symptom Checklist-10 (HSCL-10). Symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) were measured on the PCL-5. Results: The study population were highly educated and experienced professionals, well prepared for working with COVID-ICU patients. However, 53% felt socially isolated and 67% reported a fear of infecting others. Probable cases of anxiety and depression were found in 12.5% of the registered nurses, 11.6% of the physicians, and 4.1% of the leaders. Younger age and <5 years previous work experiences were predictors for high HSCL-10 scores. Reported symptom-defined PTSD for nurses 7.1%; the leaders, 4.1%; and 2.3% of physicians. Conclusions: ICU health care professionals experienced talking with colleagues as the most helpful source of support. The COVID-ICU leaders reported a significantly higher mean score than physicians and nurses in terms of pushing themselves toward producing high work effort.

Suggested Citation

  • Siv Karlsson Stafseth & Laila Skogstad & Johan Ræder & Ingvild Strand Hovland & Haakon Hovde & Øivind Ekeberg & Irene Lie, 2022. "Symptoms of Anxiety, Depression, and Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder in Health Care Personnel in Norwegian ICUs during the First Wave of the COVID-19 Pandemic, a Prospective, Observational Cross-Sectio," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(12), pages 1-15, June.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:19:y:2022:i:12:p:7010-:d:833795
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Tore Bonsaksen & Trond Heir & Inger Schou-Bredal & Øivind Ekeberg & Laila Skogstad & Tine K. Grimholt, 2020. "Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder and Associated Factors during the Early Stage of the COVID-19 Pandemic in Norway," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(24), pages 1-9, December.
    2. Peter G van der Velden & Philip Hyland & Carlo Contino & Hans-Martin von Gaudecker & Ruud Muffels & Marcel Das, 2021. "Anxiety and depression symptoms, the recovery from symptoms, and loneliness before and after the COVID-19 outbreak among the general population: Findings from a Dutch population-based longitudinal stu," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 16(1), pages 1-17, January.
    3. Carmen Trumello & Sonia Monique Bramanti & Giulia Ballarotto & Carla Candelori & Luca Cerniglia & Silvia Cimino & Monia Crudele & Lucia Lombardi & Silvia Pignataro & Maria Luisa Viceconti & Alessandra, 2020. "Psychological Adjustment of Healthcare Workers in Italy during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Differences in Stress, Anxiety, Depression, Burnout, Secondary Trauma, and Compassion Satisfaction between Frontli," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(22), pages 1-13, November.
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    Cited by:

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