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Quality of Life, Insomnia and Coping Strategies during COVID-19 Pandemic in Hospital Workers. A Cross-Sectional Study

Author

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  • Sebastiano Italia

    (Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, Occupational Medicine Section, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy)

  • Chiara Costa

    (Clinical and Experimental Medicine Department, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy)

  • Giusi Briguglio

    (Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, Occupational Medicine Section, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy)

  • Carmela Mento

    (Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, Clinical Psychology, Psychiatric Unit, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy)

  • Maria Rosaria Anna Muscatello

    (Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, Psychiatric Unit, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy)

  • Angela Alibrandi

    (Department of Economics, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy)

  • Francesca Larese Filon

    (Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Unit of Occupational Medicine, University of Trieste, 34100 Trieste, Italy)

  • Giovanna Spatari

    (Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, Occupational Medicine Section, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy)

  • Michele Teodoro

    (Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, Occupational Medicine Section, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy)

  • Concettina Fenga

    (Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, Occupational Medicine Section, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy)

Abstract

COVID-19 became a pandemic in a few months, leading to adverse health outcomes, reducing the quality of life, affecting the sleep/wake cycle, and altering coping strategies, especially among hospital personnel. Life quality, insomnia, and coping strategies were thus assessed among hospital personnel during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in Italy. This cross-sectional study was conducted from May to November 2020 through an online survey. There were 558 participants (28.5% males and 71.5% females) enrolled in two different metropolitan areas (in North and South of Italy, respectively). Three standardized questionnaires were administered: European Quality of life–5 Dimensions (EQ-5D), Athens Insomnia Scale (AIS), and Brief COPE. Differences in sociodemographic characteristics and work-related factors were also investigated in order to identify possible predictors through a generalized linear model and logistic regression analysis. Results showed good perceived life quality and high insomnia prevalence. After sample stratification, the statistical analysis highlighted that personal (gender, age, educational level) and work-related factors (employment in COVID wards, remote working) played different roles in predicting quality of life, insomnia, and coping attitude. Active, Planning, and Acceptance were the most frequently adopted coping strategies. Despite women confirming their attitude in reacting to the difficulties, adopting emotion-focused coping strategies, they showed a higher probability to develop insomnia, so a gender perspective should be considered in the health protection of this working category. An integrated approach should be implemented at individual, interpersonal and organizational levels aiming to monitor psychological distress, favor regular sharing and communication between peers, and also allow conciliation of work with family life. At the organizational level, preventive and protective measures adequate to work-related risk to COVID-19 should be adopted.

Suggested Citation

  • Sebastiano Italia & Chiara Costa & Giusi Briguglio & Carmela Mento & Maria Rosaria Anna Muscatello & Angela Alibrandi & Francesca Larese Filon & Giovanna Spatari & Michele Teodoro & Concettina Fenga, 2021. "Quality of Life, Insomnia and Coping Strategies during COVID-19 Pandemic in Hospital Workers. A Cross-Sectional Study," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(23), pages 1-16, November.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:18:y:2021:i:23:p:12466-:d:688872
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Giusi Briguglio & Michele Teodoro & Sebastiano Italia & Francesca Verduci & Manuela Pollicino & Manuela Coco & Annalisa De Vita & Elvira Micali & Angela Alibrandi & Giuseppe Lembo & Chiara Costa & Con, 2021. "Salivary Biomarkers and Work-Related Stress in Night Shift Workers," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(6), pages 1-12, March.
    2. Chiara Costa & Michele Teodoro & Giusi Briguglio & Ermanno Vitale & Federica Giambò & Giuliano Indelicato & Elvira Micali & Sebastiano Italia & Concettina Fenga, 2021. "Sleep Quality and Mood State in Resident Physicians during COVID-19 Pandemic," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(15), pages 1-10, July.
    3. Carmen Trumello & Sonia Monique Bramanti & Giulia Ballarotto & Carla Candelori & Luca Cerniglia & Silvia Cimino & Monia Crudele & Lucia Lombardi & Silvia Pignataro & Maria Luisa Viceconti & Alessandra, 2020. "Psychological Adjustment of Healthcare Workers in Italy during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Differences in Stress, Anxiety, Depression, Burnout, Secondary Trauma, and Compassion Satisfaction between Frontli," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(22), pages 1-13, November.
    4. Benedetta Barchielli & Michela Baldi & Elena Paoli & Paolo Roma & Stefano Ferracuti & Christian Napoli & Anna Maria Giannini & Giulia Lausi, 2021. "When “Stay at Home” Can Be Dangerous: Data on Domestic Violence in Italy during COVID-19 Lockdown," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(17), pages 1-11, August.
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    1. Silvia Vivarelli & Sebastiano Italia & Michele Teodoro & Manuela Pollicino & Carmen Vitello & Annalisa De Vita & Angela Alibrandi & Chiara Costa & Concettina Fenga, 2023. "Salivary Biomarkers Analysis and Neurobehavioral Assessment in Nurses Working Rotation Shifts: A Pilot Study," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(7), pages 1-21, April.
    2. Chiara Costa & Michele Teodoro & Annalisa De Vita & Federica Giambò & Carmela Mento & Maria Rosaria Anna Muscatello & Angela Alibrandi & Sebastiano Italia & Concettina Fenga, 2022. "Factors Affecting Perceived Work Environment, Wellbeing, and Coping Styles: A Comparison between Physicians and Nurses during the COVID-19 Pandemic," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(17), pages 1-14, September.
    3. Joanna Chwaszcz & Michał Wiechetek & Rafał P. Bartczuk & Iwona Niewiadomska & Patrycja Wośko, 2022. "Determinants of Quality of Life in the COVID-19 Pandemic Situation among Persons Using Psychological Help at Various Stages of the Pandemic," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(10), pages 1-14, May.
    4. Chiara Costa & Michele Teodoro & Carmela Mento & Federica Giambò & Carmen Vitello & Sebastiano Italia & Concettina Fenga, 2022. "Work Performance, Mood and Sleep Alterations in Home Office Workers during the COVID-19 Pandemic," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(4), pages 1-12, February.

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