IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jijerp/v19y2022i24p16667-d1000516.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Prevalence of Perceived Stress, Anxiety, and Depression in HCW in Kosovo during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cross-Sectional Survey

Author

Listed:
  • Fatime Arenliu Qosaj

    (Master Program in Healthcare Management, College AAB, 10000 Prishtina, Kosovo)

  • Stevan Merrill Weine

    (Center for Global Health, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL 60612, USA)

  • Pleurat Sejdiu

    (Kosovo Medical Chamber, 10000 Prishtina, Kosovo
    Orthopedic Clinic, Kosovo Hospital University Clinical Services, 10000 Prishtina, Kosovo)

  • Fekrije Hasani

    (Alma Mater Europaea, Campus College Rezonanca, 10000 Prishtina, Kosovo
    Kosovo Nursing Chamber, 10000 Prishtina, Kosovo
    Ministry of Health, Government of the Republic of Kosovo, 10000 Prishtina, Kosovo
    As of 1 December 2022, Fekrije Hasani is no longer affiliated with the Ministry of Health, Government of the Republic of Kosovo, 10000 Prishtina, Kosovo.)

  • Shukrije Statovci

    (Psychiatry Clinic, Kosovo Hospital University Clinical Services, 10000 Prishtina, Kosovo)

  • Vigan Behluli

    (Kosovo Association of Psychologists, 10000 Prishtina, Kosovo)

  • Aliriza Arenliu

    (Department of Psychology, Prishtina University, 10000 Prishtina, Kosovo)

Abstract

A pandemic may have a negative impact on healthcare workers’ (HCW) mental health. In this cross-sectional study, we assess the self-reported prevalence of stress, anxiety, and depression and identify their predictive factors among HCW in Kosovo. The online questionnaire collected data on socio-demographics (sex, age, occupation, education, workplace) and the presence and severity of depression, anxiety, and stress through the 21-item Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale (DASS-21) questionnaire. Descriptive statistics, t-test, and linear logistic regression were used to analyze the data. Of the 545 respondents, the majority were male (53.0%), under 60 years of age (94.7%), and married (81.7%). Most of them were physicians (78.2%), while the remaining were nurses, midwives, and other health professionals (22%). Prevalence rates for moderate to extremely high stress, anxiety, and depressive symptoms were 21.9%, 13.0%, and 13.9%, respectively. The nurses reported significantly higher mean scores for depression and anxiety than the physicians ( p < 0.05). Being married, having poor health, not exercising, and reporting “burnout” from work significantly predicted higher levels of depressive, anxiety, and stress symptoms among health workers ( p < 0.05). Most HCWs (71.6%) reported a mild, moderate, or severe mental health burden, and certain factors predicted higher levels of such burden.

Suggested Citation

  • Fatime Arenliu Qosaj & Stevan Merrill Weine & Pleurat Sejdiu & Fekrije Hasani & Shukrije Statovci & Vigan Behluli & Aliriza Arenliu, 2022. "Prevalence of Perceived Stress, Anxiety, and Depression in HCW in Kosovo during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cross-Sectional Survey," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(24), pages 1-13, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:19:y:2022:i:24:p:16667-:d:1000516
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/19/24/16667/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/19/24/16667/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Luke Sy-Cherng Woon & Hatta Sidi & Nik Ruzyanei Nik Jaafar & Mohammad Farris Iman Leong Bin Abdullah, 2020. "Mental Health Status of University Healthcare Workers during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Post–Movement Lockdown Assessment," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(24), pages 1-20, December.
    2. Carmen Trumello & Sonia Monique Bramanti & Giulia Ballarotto & Carla Candelori & Luca Cerniglia & Silvia Cimino & Monia Crudele & Lucia Lombardi & Silvia Pignataro & Maria Luisa Viceconti & Alessandra, 2020. "Psychological Adjustment of Healthcare Workers in Italy during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Differences in Stress, Anxiety, Depression, Burnout, Secondary Trauma, and Compassion Satisfaction between Frontli," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(22), pages 1-13, November.
    3. Gabriel, Kelly P. & Aguinis, Herman, 2022. "How to prevent and combat employee burnout and create healthier workplaces during crises and beyond," Business Horizons, Elsevier, vol. 65(2), pages 183-192.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Gazmend Bojaj & Bernard Tahirbegolli & Petrit Beqiri & Iliriana Alloqi Tahirbegolli & Esther Van Poel & Sara Willems & Nderim Rizanaj & Ilir Hoxha, 2023. "Health Service Management and Patient Safety in Primary Care during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Kosovo," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(4), pages 1-13, February.
    2. Mahran Gamal N. Mahran & Haoying Han & Mahmoud Mabrouk & Salma Antar A. AbouKorin, 2024. "Social Infrastructure During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Evaluating the Impact of Outdoor Recreation on Pandemic Dynamics in Europe," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 16(23), pages 1-28, November.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Ana Magro & Aida Gutiérrez-García & Marta González-Álvarez & Mario Del Líbano, 2022. "Psychosocial Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Healthcare Professionals in Spain," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(22), pages 1-14, November.
    2. Grażyna Puto & Maria Jurzec & Anna Leja-Szpak & Joanna Bonior & Marta Muszalik & Agnieszka Gniadek, 2021. "Stress and Coping Strategies of Nurses Working with Patients Infected with and Not Infected with SARS-CoV-2 Virus," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(1), pages 1-11, December.
    3. Neil B. Barnard & Sebastiaan Rothmann & Leon T. De Beer & Welma Lubbe, 2023. "Emergency Nurses’ Job Demands-Resources Profiles and Capabilities: Effects on Performance and Intention to Leave," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(6), pages 1-24, March.
    4. Mehran Shayganfard & Fateme Mahdavi & Mohammad Haghighi & Dena Sadeghi-Bahmani & Serge Brand, 2021. "Sources of Health Anxiety for Hospital Staff Working during the Covid-19 Pandemic," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(6), pages 1-11, March.
    5. Alessandra Gorini & Mattia Giuliani & Elena Fiabane & Alice Bonomi & Paola Gabanelli & Antonia Pierobon & Pasquale Moretta & Giovanna Pagliarulo & Simona Spaccavento & Gaetano Vaudo & Matteo Pirro & M, 2022. "Prevalence of Psychopathological Symptoms and Their Determinants in Four Healthcare Workers’ Categories during the Second Year of COVID-19 Pandemic," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(20), pages 1-11, October.
    6. Paola Manfredi, 2022. "Is This All COVID-19′s Fault? A Study on Trainees in One of the Most Affected Italian Cities," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(20), pages 1-18, October.
    7. Yushi Lu & Zhi Li & Yuting Fan & Jin Wang & Tian Zhong & Ling Wang & Ying Xiao & Dongmei Zhang & Qingsong Chen & Xi Yu, 2022. "The Mediating Role of Cumulative Fatigue on the Association between Occupational Stress and Depressive Symptoms: A Cross-Sectional Study among 1327 Chinese Primary Healthcare Professionals," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(23), pages 1-15, November.
    8. Lucia Jerg-Bretzke & Maximilian Kempf & Marc Nicolas Jarczok & Katja Weimer & Christian Hirning & Harald Gündel & Yesim Erim & Eva Morawa & Franziska Geiser & Nina Hiebel & Kerstin Weidner & Christian, 2021. "Psychosocial Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Healthcare Workers and Initial Areas of Action for Intervention and Prevention—The egePan/VOICE Study," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(19), pages 1-16, October.
    9. Hajar Mohd Salleh Sahimi & Nazirah Azman & Nik Ruzyanei Nik Jaafar & Tuti Iryani Mohd Daud & Azlin Baharudin & Ahmad Khaldun Ismail & Akramul Zikri Abdul Malek & Mohd Rohaizat Hassan & Azmawati Mohamm, 2021. "Health Anxiety and Its Correlations with Self-Perceived Risk and Attitude on COVID-19 among Malaysian Healthcare Workers during the Pandemic," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(9), pages 1-13, May.
    10. Andrea Conti & Sophia Russotto & Annalisa Opizzi & Matteo Ratti & Daniele Nicolini & Kris Vanhaecht & Massimiliano Panella, 2022. "Work-Related Stress among a Cohort of Italian Long-Term Care Workers during the COVID-19 Pandemic: An Observational Study," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(10), pages 1-10, May.
    11. Nurazah Ismail & Ahmad Izzat Tajjudin & Hafiz Jaafar & Nik Ruzyanei Nik Jaafar & Azlin Baharudin & Normala Ibrahim, 2021. "The Relationship between Internet Addiction, Internet Gaming and Anxiety among Medical Students in a Malaysian Public University during COVID-19 Pandemic," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(22), pages 1-12, November.
    12. Cervantée E. K. Wild & Hailey Wells & Nicolene Coetzee & Cameron C. Grant & Trudy A. Sullivan & José G. B. Derraik & Yvonne C. Anderson, 2022. "Mixed-Methods Survey of Healthcare Workers’ Experiences of Personal Protective Equipment during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Aotearoa/New Zealand," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(4), pages 1-10, February.
    13. Katarzyna Szwamel & Antonina Kaczorowska & Ewelina Lepsy & Agata Mroczek & Magdalena Golachowska & Ewa Mazur & Mariusz Panczyk, 2022. "Predictors of the Occupational Burnout of Healthcare Workers in Poland during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cross-Sectional Study," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(6), pages 1-21, March.
    14. Miguel Rodriguez-Arrastia & Manuel García-Martín & Ana Romero-López & Carmen Ropero-Padilla & Cristofer Ruiz-Gonzalez & Pablo Roman & Nuria Sanchez-Labraca, 2022. "Evolution of the Public-Health Response to COVID-19 Pandemic in Spain: A Descriptive Qualitative Study," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(7), pages 1-14, March.
    15. Ying Xu & Diao Jie & Hongyu Wu & Xiaolu Shi & Daniel Badulescu & Sher Akbar & Alina Badulescu, 2022. "Reducing Employee Turnover Intentions in Tourism and Hospitality Sector: The Mediating Effect of Quality of Work Life and Intrinsic Motivation," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(18), pages 1-18, September.
    16. Marcela Matos & Kirsten McEwan & Martin Kanovský & Júlia Halamová & Stanley R. Steindl & Nuno Ferreira & Mariana Linharelhos & Daniel Rijo & Kenichi Asano & Sara P. Vilas & Margarita G. Márquez & Sóni, 2023. "Improvements in Compassion and Fears of Compassion throughout the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Multinational Study," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(3), pages 1-17, January.
    17. Herman Aguinis & Estelle E. Archibold & Darryl B. Rice, 2022. "Let’s Fix our Own Problem: Quelling the Irresponsible Research Perfect Storm," Journal of Management Studies, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 59(6), pages 1628-1642, September.
    18. Giulia Ballarotto & Eleonora Marzilli & Luca Cerniglia & Silvia Cimino & Renata Tambelli, 2021. "How Does Psychological Distress Due to the COVID-19 Pandemic Impact on Internet Addiction and Instagram Addiction in Emerging Adults?," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(21), pages 1-19, October.
    19. Natasha Subhas & Nicholas Tze-Ping Pang & Wei-Cheng Chua & Assis Kamu & Chong-Mun Ho & Isabel Shamini David & William Wei-Liang Goh & Yogaraja Indran Gunasegaran & Kit-Aun Tan, 2021. "The Cross-Sectional Relations of COVID-19 Fear and Stress to Psychological Distress among Frontline Healthcare Workers in Selangor, Malaysia," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(19), pages 1-11, September.
    20. Nicholas Tze Ping Pang & Assis Kamu & Chong Mun Ho & Walton Wider & Mathias Wen Leh Tseu, 2022. "An Analysis by State on The Effect of Movement Control Order (MCO) 3.0 Due to COVID-19 on Malaysians’ Mental Health: Evidence from Google Trends," Data, MDPI, vol. 7(11), pages 1-9, November.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:19:y:2022:i:24:p:16667-:d:1000516. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.