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Odiel River (SW Spain), a Singular Scenario Affected by Acid Mine Drainage (AMD): Graphical and Statistical Models to Assess Diatoms and Water Hydrogeochemistry Interactions

Author

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  • José A. Grande

    (Department of Water, Mining and Environment, Scientific and Technological Center of Huelva, University of Huelva, 21004 Huelva, Spain
    Sustainable Mining Engineering Research Group, Department of Mining, Mechanic, Energetic and Construction Engineering, Higher Technical School of Engineering, University of Huelva, 21007 Huelva, Spain)

  • Ana Teresa Luís

    (Department of Water, Mining and Environment, Scientific and Technological Center of Huelva, University of Huelva, 21004 Huelva, Spain
    GeoBioTec Research Unit—Department of Geosciences, University of Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal)

  • Francisco Córdoba

    (Department of Integrated Sciences, Faculty of Experimental Sciences, University of Huelva, 21071 Huelva, Spain)

  • Mercedes Leiva

    (Department of Integrated Sciences, Faculty of Experimental Sciences, University of Huelva, 21071 Huelva, Spain)

  • José Miguel Dávila

    (Department of Water, Mining and Environment, Scientific and Technological Center of Huelva, University of Huelva, 21004 Huelva, Spain
    Sustainable Mining Engineering Research Group, Department of Mining, Mechanic, Energetic and Construction Engineering, Higher Technical School of Engineering, University of Huelva, 21007 Huelva, Spain)

  • Juan Carlos Fortes

    (Department of Water, Mining and Environment, Scientific and Technological Center of Huelva, University of Huelva, 21004 Huelva, Spain
    Sustainable Mining Engineering Research Group, Department of Mining, Mechanic, Energetic and Construction Engineering, Higher Technical School of Engineering, University of Huelva, 21007 Huelva, Spain)

  • María Santisteban

    (Department of Water, Mining and Environment, Scientific and Technological Center of Huelva, University of Huelva, 21004 Huelva, Spain
    Sustainable Mining Engineering Research Group, Department of Mining, Mechanic, Energetic and Construction Engineering, Higher Technical School of Engineering, University of Huelva, 21007 Huelva, Spain)

  • Eduardo Ferreira da Silva

    (GeoBioTec Research Unit—Department of Geosciences, University of Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal)

  • Aguasanta Miguel Sarmiento

    (Department of Water, Mining and Environment, Scientific and Technological Center of Huelva, University of Huelva, 21004 Huelva, Spain
    Sustainable Mining Engineering Research Group, Department of Mining, Mechanic, Energetic and Construction Engineering, Higher Technical School of Engineering, University of Huelva, 21007 Huelva, Spain)

Abstract

The Odiel River (SW Spain) is one of the most cited rivers in the scientific literature due to its high pollution degree, generated by more than 80 sulphide mines’ (mostly unrestored) contamination in the Iberian Pyritic Belt (IPB), that have been exploited for more than 5000 years. Along the river and its tributaries, the physico-chemical parameters and diatoms, from 15 sampling points, were analyzed in the laboratory. Physico-chemical parameters, water chemical analysis, together with richness and Shannon–Wiener indexes were integrated in a matrix. An initial graphical treatment allowed the definition and proposal of a functioning system model, as well as the establishment of cause–effect relationships between pollution and its effects on biota. Then, the proposed model was statistically validated by factor analysis. For acidic pH waters, high values of Eh, TDS, sulphate, ∑REE and ∑Ficklin were found, while diatomologic indicators took low values. Thus, factor analysis was a very effective tool for graphical treatment validation as well as for pollution–biota interaction models’ formulation, governed by two factors: AMD processes and water balance suffered by the studied river. As a novelty, the cause–effect relationships between high barium concentration and low diversity and richness were demonstrated in the IPB, for the first time.

Suggested Citation

  • José A. Grande & Ana Teresa Luís & Francisco Córdoba & Mercedes Leiva & José Miguel Dávila & Juan Carlos Fortes & María Santisteban & Eduardo Ferreira da Silva & Aguasanta Miguel Sarmiento, 2021. "Odiel River (SW Spain), a Singular Scenario Affected by Acid Mine Drainage (AMD): Graphical and Statistical Models to Assess Diatoms and Water Hydrogeochemistry Interactions," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(16), pages 1-17, August.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:18:y:2021:i:16:p:8454-:d:611974
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Henry Kaiser, 1958. "The varimax criterion for analytic rotation in factor analysis," Psychometrika, Springer;The Psychometric Society, vol. 23(3), pages 187-200, September.
    2. Jose Grande & Antonio Jiménez & José Borrego & María Torre & Tamara Gómez, 2010. "Relationships Between Conductivity and pH in Channels Exposed to Acid Mine Drainage Processes: Study of a Large Mass of Data Using Classical Statistics," Water Resources Management: An International Journal, Published for the European Water Resources Association (EWRA), Springer;European Water Resources Association (EWRA), vol. 24(15), pages 4579-4587, December.
    3. J. Grande & J. Aroba & J. Andújar & T. Gómez & M. Torre & J. Borrego & S. Romero & C. Barranco & M. Santisteban, 2011. "Tinto Versus Odiel: Two A.M.D. Polluted Rivers and an Unresolved Issue. An Artificial Intelligence Approach," Water Resources Management: An International Journal, Published for the European Water Resources Association (EWRA), Springer;European Water Resources Association (EWRA), vol. 25(14), pages 3575-3594, November.
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    Cited by:

    1. Ana Teresa Luís & José Antonio Grande & Nuno Durães & María Santisteban & Ángel Mariano Rodríguez-Pérez & Eduardo Ferreira da Silva, 2022. "Acid Mine Drainage Effects in the Hydrobiology of Freshwater Streams from Three Mining Areas (SW Portugal): A Statistical Approach," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(17), pages 1-10, August.
    2. Catalina Stoica & Laurentiu Razvan Dinu & Irina Eugenia Lucaciu & Voicu Oncu & Stefania Gheorghe & Mihai Nita-Lazar, 2022. "Sensitivity of Pathogenic Bacteria Strains to Treated Mine Water," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(23), pages 1-14, November.

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