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Biomarkers after Controlled Inhalation Exposure to Exhaust from Hydrogenated Vegetable Oil (HVO)

Author

Listed:
  • Annette M. Krais

    (Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, SE-22363 Lund, Sweden)

  • Julie Y. Essig

    (Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, SE-22363 Lund, Sweden)

  • Louise Gren

    (Division of Ergonomics and Aerosol Technology, Department of Design Sciences, Lund University, SE-22100 Lund, Sweden
    NanoLund, Center for Nanoscience, Lund University, SE-22100 Lund, Sweden)

  • Carolina Vogs

    (Department of Biomedical Sciences and Veterinary Public Health, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE-75007 Uppsala, Sweden)

  • Eva Assarsson

    (Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, SE-22363 Lund, Sweden)

  • Katrin Dierschke

    (Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, SE-22363 Lund, Sweden)

  • Jörn Nielsen

    (Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, SE-22363 Lund, Sweden)

  • Bo Strandberg

    (Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, SE-22363 Lund, Sweden)

  • Joakim Pagels

    (Division of Ergonomics and Aerosol Technology, Department of Design Sciences, Lund University, SE-22100 Lund, Sweden
    NanoLund, Center for Nanoscience, Lund University, SE-22100 Lund, Sweden)

  • Karin Broberg

    (Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, SE-22363 Lund, Sweden)

  • Christian H. Lindh

    (Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, SE-22363 Lund, Sweden)

  • Anders Gudmundsson

    (Division of Ergonomics and Aerosol Technology, Department of Design Sciences, Lund University, SE-22100 Lund, Sweden
    NanoLund, Center for Nanoscience, Lund University, SE-22100 Lund, Sweden)

  • Aneta Wierzbicka

    (Division of Ergonomics and Aerosol Technology, Department of Design Sciences, Lund University, SE-22100 Lund, Sweden
    NanoLund, Center for Nanoscience, Lund University, SE-22100 Lund, Sweden)

Abstract

Hydrogenated vegetable oil (HVO) is a renewable diesel fuel used to replace petroleum diesel. The organic compounds in HVO are poorly characterized; therefore, toxicological properties could be different from petroleum diesel exhaust. The aim of this study was to evaluate the exposure and effective biomarkers in 18 individuals after short-term (3 h) exposure to HVO exhaust and petroleum diesel exhaust fumes. Liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry was used to analyze urinary biomarkers. A proximity extension assay was used for the measurement of inflammatory proteins in plasma samples. Short-term (3 h) exposure to HVO exhaust (PM 1 ~1 µg/m 3 and ~90 µg/m 3 for vehicles with and without exhaust aftertreatment systems, respectively) did not increase any exposure biomarker, whereas petroleum diesel exhaust (PM 1 ~300 µg/m 3 ) increased urinary 4-MHA, a biomarker for p -xylene. HVO exhaust from the vehicle without exhaust aftertreatment system increased urinary 4-HNE-MA, a biomarker for lipid peroxidation, from 64 ng/mL urine (before exposure) to 141 ng/mL (24 h after exposure, p < 0.001). There was no differential expression of plasma inflammatory proteins between the HVO exhaust and control exposure group. In conclusion, short-term exposure to low concentrations of HVO exhaust did not increase urinary exposure biomarkers, but caused a slight increase in lipid peroxidation associated with the particle fraction.

Suggested Citation

  • Annette M. Krais & Julie Y. Essig & Louise Gren & Carolina Vogs & Eva Assarsson & Katrin Dierschke & Jörn Nielsen & Bo Strandberg & Joakim Pagels & Karin Broberg & Christian H. Lindh & Anders Gudmunds, 2021. "Biomarkers after Controlled Inhalation Exposure to Exhaust from Hydrogenated Vegetable Oil (HVO)," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(12), pages 1-15, June.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:18:y:2021:i:12:p:6492-:d:575795
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Frans Everson & Patrick De Boever & Tim S. Nawrot & Nandu Goswami & Mashudu Mthethwa & Ingrid Webster & Dries S. Martens & Nyiko Mashele & Sana Charania & Festus Kamau & Hans Strijdom, 2019. "Personal NO 2 and Volatile Organic Compounds Exposure Levels are Associated with Markers of Cardiovascular Risk in Women in the Cape Town Region of South Africa," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(13), pages 1-18, June.
    2. Sotiris Vardoulakis & Evanthia Giagloglou & Susanne Steinle & Alice Davis & Anne Sleeuwenhoek & Karen S. Galea & Ken Dixon & Joanne O. Crawford, 2020. "Indoor Exposure to Selected Air Pollutants in the Home Environment: A Systematic Review," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(23), pages 1-24, December.
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