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The Role of Microbiome, Dietary Supplements, and Probiotics in Autism Spectrum Disorder

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  • Bhagavathi Sundaram Sivamaruthi

    (Innovation Center for Holistic Health, Nutraceuticals, and Cosmeceuticals, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand)

  • Natarajan Suganthy

    (Department of Nanoscience and Technology, Alagappa University, Karaikudi 630003, India)

  • Periyanaina Kesika

    (Innovation Center for Holistic Health, Nutraceuticals, and Cosmeceuticals, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand)

  • Chaiyavat Chaiyasut

    (Innovation Center for Holistic Health, Nutraceuticals, and Cosmeceuticals, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand)

Abstract

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a serious neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by the impairment of the cognitive function of a child. Studies suggested that the intestinal microbiota has a critical role in the function and regulation of the central nervous system, neuroimmune system and neuroendocrine system. Any adverse changes in the gut–brain axis may cause serious disease. Food preferences and dietary patterns are considered as key in influencing the factors of ASD development. Several recent reviews narrated the importance of dietary composition on controlling or reducing the ASD symptoms. It has been known that the consumption of probiotics confers several health benefits by positive amendment of gut microbiota. The influence of probiotic intervention in children with ASD has also been reported and it has been considered as an alternative and complementary therapeutic supplement for ASD. The present manuscript discusses the role of microbiota and diet in the development of ASD. It also summarizes the recent updates on the influence of dietary supplements and the beneficial effect of probiotics on ASD symptoms. An in-depth literature survey suggested that the maternal diet and lifestyle are greatly associated with the development of ASD and other neurodevelopmental disorders. Mounting evidences have confirmed the alteration in the gut microbial composition in children suffering from ASD. However, the unique profile of microbiome has not yet been fully characterized due to the heterogeneity of patients. The supplementation of probiotics amended the symptoms associated with ASD but the results are inconclusive. The current study recommends further detailed research considering the role of microbiome, diet and probiotics in the development and control of ASD.

Suggested Citation

  • Bhagavathi Sundaram Sivamaruthi & Natarajan Suganthy & Periyanaina Kesika & Chaiyavat Chaiyasut, 2020. "The Role of Microbiome, Dietary Supplements, and Probiotics in Autism Spectrum Disorder," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(8), pages 1-16, April.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:17:y:2020:i:8:p:2647-:d:344707
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Courtney Lane-Donovan & Joachim Herz, 2016. "High-Fat Diet Changes Hippocampal Apolipoprotein E (ApoE) in a Genotype- and Carbohydrate-Dependent Manner in Mice," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 11(2), pages 1-8, February.
    2. Silvia De Rubeis & Xin He & Arthur P. Goldberg & Christopher S. Poultney & Kaitlin Samocha & A. Ercument Cicek & Yan Kou & Li Liu & Menachem Fromer & Susan Walker & Tarjinder Singh & Lambertus Klei & , 2014. "Synaptic, transcriptional and chromatin genes disrupted in autism," Nature, Nature, vol. 515(7526), pages 209-215, November.
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