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Sleep Quality among Police Officers: Implications and Insights from a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of the Literature

Author

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  • Sergio Garbarino

    (Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics and Maternal/Child Sciences, University of Genoa, Polyclinic Hospital San Martino IRCCS, 16132 Genoa, Italy)

  • Ottavia Guglielmi

    (Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics and Maternal/Child Sciences, University of Genoa, Polyclinic Hospital San Martino IRCCS, 16132 Genoa, Italy)

  • Matteo Puntoni

    (Clinical trial Office, E.O. Galliera Hospital, 16128 Genoa, Italy)

  • Nicola Luigi Bragazzi

    (UNESCO Chair of Anthropology of Health - Biosphere and Healing System, University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy)

  • Nicola Magnavita

    (Department of Woman/Child & Public Health, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Fondazione Policlinico Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Roma, Italy)

Abstract

Poor sleep is associated with bad health outcomes, worse wellbeing and decreases in performance, productivity and safety at work. Police officers are exposed to several risk factors including extended work schedules, shift work, occupational stress, dangerous and traumatic events and can, as such, develop sleep problems. The aim of the present study was to analyze the sleep quality among police officers. A systematic literature search, in PubMed/MEDLINE, PsycINFO, Scopus, ISI/Web of Science (WoS) and the Cochrane Library was conducted. Original articles, published in English, French, Italian, Spanish and Portuguese, the primary objective of which was the evaluation of the quality of sleep through the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) in Police Forces, were selected. From an initial sample of 1,149 studies, 13 articles were included in the meta-analysis (3,722 police officers). The pooled prevalence of bad sleep quality in police officers was 51% [95%CI 42–60%]. The pooled global score of the PSQI was 5.6 [95%CI 5.0–6.3], corresponding to a low average quality. At the meta-regressions, statistically significant associations could be found for work seniority (in terms of years of service) and being on shift. The poor quality of sleep in police officers could have negative consequences for workers’ health and for the safety of third parts. The implementation of health and sleep hygiene promotion programs in police forces is strongly recommended.

Suggested Citation

  • Sergio Garbarino & Ottavia Guglielmi & Matteo Puntoni & Nicola Luigi Bragazzi & Nicola Magnavita, 2019. "Sleep Quality among Police Officers: Implications and Insights from a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of the Literature," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(5), pages 1-15, March.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:16:y:2019:i:5:p:885-:d:212769
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Habersaat, Stephanie A. & Geiger, Ashley M. & Abdellaoui, Sid & Wolf, Jutta M., 2015. "Health in police officers: Role of risk factor clusters and police divisions," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 143(C), pages 213-222.
    2. Sergio Garbarino & Paola Lanteri & Paolo Durando & Nicola Magnavita & Walter G. Sannita, 2016. "Co-Morbidity, Mortality, Quality of Life and the Healthcare/Welfare/Social Costs of Disordered Sleep: A Rapid Review," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 13(8), pages 1-15, August.
    3. Sergio Garbarino & Ottavia Guglielmi & Walter G Sannita & Nicola Magnavita & Paola Lanteri, 2018. "Sleep and Mental Health in Truck Drivers: Descriptive Review of the Current Evidence and Proposal of Strategies for Primary Prevention," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 15(9), pages 1-13, August.
    4. Nicola Magnavita & Sergio Garbarino, 2017. "Sleep, Health and Wellness at Work: A Scoping Review," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 14(11), pages 1-18, November.
    5. Sergio Garbarino & Paolo Durando & Ottavia Guglielmi & Guglielmo Dini & Francesca Bersi & Stefania Fornarino & Alessandra Toletone & Carlo Chiorri & Nicola Magnavita, 2016. "Sleep Apnea, Sleep Debt and Daytime Sleepiness Are Independently Associated with Road Accidents. A Cross-Sectional Study on Truck Drivers," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 11(11), pages 1-12, November.
    6. Jaymen L. Elliott & Sara Lal, 2016. "Blood Pressure, Sleep Quality and Fatigue in Shift Working Police Officers: Effects of a Twelve Hour Roster System on Cardiovascular and Sleep Health," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 13(2), pages 1-8, January.
    7. Sergio Garbarino & Nicola Magnavita, 2015. "Work Stress and Metabolic Syndrome in Police Officers. A Prospective Study," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 10(12), pages 1-15, December.
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    Cited by:

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    2. Paulina Wróbel-Knybel & Michał Flis & Joanna Rog & Baland Jalal & Leszek Wołkowski & Hanna Karakuła-Juchnowicz, 2022. "Characteristics of Sleep Paralysis and Its Association with Anxiety Symptoms, Perceived Stress, PTSD, and Other Variables Related to Lifestyle in Selected High Stress Exposed Professions," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(13), pages 1-20, June.
    3. Sergio Garbarino & Giovanni Tripepi & Nicola Magnavita, 2020. "Sleep Health Promotion in the Workplace," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(21), pages 1-14, October.
    4. Daniela Acquadro Maran & Nicola Magnavita & Sergio Garbarino, 2022. "Identifying Organizational Stressors That Could Be a Source of Discomfort in Police Officers: A Thematic Review," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(6), pages 1-12, March.
    5. Andréanne Angehrn & Michelle J. N. Teale Sapach & Rosemary Ricciardelli & Renée S. MacPhee & Gregory S. Anderson & R. Nicholas Carleton, 2020. "Sleep Quality and Mental Disorder Symptoms among Canadian Public Safety Personnel," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(8), pages 1-14, April.
    6. Nicola Magnavita & Luca Mele & Igor Meraglia & Marco Merella & Maria Eugenia Vacca & Anna Cerrina & Maddalena Gabriele & Marcella Labella & Maria Teresa Soro & Simona Ursino & Carmela Matera, 2022. "The Impact of Workplace Violence on Headache and Sleep Problems in Nurses," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(20), pages 1-12, October.
    7. Paulina Wróbel-Knybel & Joanna Rog & Baland Jalal & Paweł Szewczyk & Hanna Karakuła-Juchnowicz, 2021. "Sleep Paralysis among Professional Firefighters and a Possible Association with PTSD—Online Survey-Based Study," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(18), pages 1-14, September.

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