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PEN-13: A New Generic 13-Item Questionnaire for Measuring Patient Enablement (German Version)

Author

Listed:
  • Achim Siegel

    (Institute of Occupational and Social Medicine and Health Services Research, University Hospital Tübingen, Wilhelmstraße 27, 72074 Tübingen, Germany)

  • Anna T. Ehmann

    (Institute of Occupational and Social Medicine and Health Services Research, University Hospital Tübingen, Wilhelmstraße 27, 72074 Tübingen, Germany)

  • Ingo Meyer

    (PMV Forschungsgruppe, University of Cologne, Herderstraße 52, 50391 Cologne, Germany)

  • Oliver Gröne

    (OptiMedis AG, Burchardstraße 17, 20095 Hamburg, Germany
    London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, University of London, London WC1E 7HT, UK)

  • Wilhelm Niebling

    (Division of General Practice, University Medical Center Freiburg, 79910 Freiburg, Germany)

  • Peter Martus

    (Institute for Clinical Epidemiology and Applied Biometry, University Hospital Tübingen, Silcherstr. 5, 72076 Tübingen, Germany)

  • Monika A. Rieger

    (Institute of Occupational and Social Medicine and Health Services Research, University Hospital Tübingen, Wilhelmstraße 27, 72074 Tübingen, Germany)

Abstract

Background : The purpose of our study was to develop and psychometrically test a German-language survey instrument that measures patient enablement generically and in greater detail than previous instruments. Methods : A multidisciplinary team developed 13 items to capture individual aspects of patient enablement (PEN-13). A pre-test with 26 subjects was followed by a random sample survey of N = 1168 subjects. An exploratory factor analysis was conducted in a random split-half sample of the data to explore PEN-13’s factor structure; a confirmatory factor analysis was conducted in the validation sample. The internal consistency of the factors was evaluated using Cronbach’s alpha, PEN-13’s construct validity was checked by means of additional hypothesis testing. Results : The two factors self-management and patient-practitioner interaction, detected in the exploratory analysis, were confirmed with a few modifications in the confirmatory factor analysis, with the comparative fit index (CFI) amounting to 0.903. The Cronbach’s alpha values of those two factors amounted to α = 0.90 and α = 0.82, respectively. The correlations of the PEN-13 score with the ’general self-efficacy’ and ’health literacy’ (HLS-EU-Q16) scores further confirmed its construct validity; the respective correlation coefficients amounted to 0.57 and 0.60. Conclusion : The German version of the survey instrument Patient Enablement Scale—13 items (PEN-13) shows acceptable psychometric properties. Practical implications : PEN-13 seems particularly suitable for health services research purposes. We recommend checking the results in another sample as well as evaluating its responsiveness to enablement-enhancing interventions.

Suggested Citation

  • Achim Siegel & Anna T. Ehmann & Ingo Meyer & Oliver Gröne & Wilhelm Niebling & Peter Martus & Monika A. Rieger, 2019. "PEN-13: A New Generic 13-Item Questionnaire for Measuring Patient Enablement (German Version)," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(23), pages 1, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:16:y:2019:i:23:p:4867-:d:293601
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Katja Brenk-Franz & Judith H Hibbard & Wolfram J Herrmann & Tobias Freund & Joachim Szecsenyi & Sima Djalali & Claudia Steurer-Stey & Andreas Sönnichsen & Fabian Tiesler & Monika Storch & Nico Schneid, 2013. "Validation of the German Version of the Patient Activation Measure 13 (PAM13-D) in an International Multicentre Study of Primary Care Patients," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 8(9), pages 1-6, September.
    2. Mead, Nicola & Bower, Peter & Hann, Mark, 2002. "The impact of general practitioners' patient-centredness on patients' post-consultation satisfaction and enablement," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 55(2), pages 283-299, July.
    3. Fumagalli, Lia Paola & Radaelli, Giovanni & Lettieri, Emanuele & Bertele’, Paolo & Masella, Cristina, 2015. "Patient Empowerment and its neighbours: Clarifying the boundaries and their mutual relationships," Health Policy, Elsevier, vol. 119(3), pages 384-394.
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    1. Anna T. Ehmann & Oliver Groene & Monika A. Rieger & Achim Siegel, 2020. "The Relationship between Health Literacy, Quality of Life, and Subjective Health: Results of a Cross-Sectional Study in a Rural Region in Germany," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(5), pages 1-12, March.

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