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Global Lifetime and 12-Month Prevalence of Suicidal Behavior, Deliberate Self-Harm and Non-Suicidal Self-Injury in Children and Adolescents between 1989 and 2018: A Meta-Analysis

Author

Listed:
  • Kim-San Lim

    (Department of Psychological Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228, Singapore)

  • Celine H. Wong

    (Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Psychological Medicine, National University Health System, Singapore 119228, Singapore)

  • Roger S. McIntyre

    (Mood Disorders Psychopharmacology Unit, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5T 1R8, Canada
    Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5T 1R8, Canada)

  • Jiayun Wang

    (Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei 235000, China)

  • Zhisong Zhang

    (Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei 235000, China)

  • Bach X. Tran

    (Institute for Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Hanoi Medical University, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam
    Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
    Vietnam Young Physicians’ Association, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam)

  • Wanqiu Tan

    (The China-Singapore (Chongqing) Demonstration Initiative on Strategic Connectivity Think Tank, Chongqing 400043, China)

  • Cyrus S. Ho

    (Department of Psychological Medicine, National University Health System, Singapore 119228, Singapore)

  • Roger C. Ho

    (Department of Psychological Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228, Singapore
    Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei 235000, China
    Health Innovation and Technology (iHealthtech), National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228, Singapore
    Center of Excellence in Behavioral Medicine, Nguyen Tat Thanh University, Ho Chi Minh City 70000, Vietnam)

Abstract

Objective: This meta-analysis aimed to estimate the global lifetime and 12-month prevalence of suicidal behavior, deliberate self-harm and non-suicidal self-injury in children and adolescents. Methods: A systematic search for relevant articles published between 1989 to 2018 was performed in multiple electronic databases. The aggregate 12-month and lifetime prevalence of suicidal behavior, deliberate self-harm, and non-suicidal self-injury were calculated based on the random-effects model. Subgroup analyses were performed to compare the prevalence according to school attendance and geographical regions. Results : A total of 686,672 children and adolescents were included. The aggregate lifetime and 12-month prevalence of suicide attempts was 6% (95% CI: 4.7–7.7%) and 4.5% (95% CI: 3.4–5.9%) respectively. The aggregate lifetime and 12-month prevalence of suicidal plan was 9.9% (95% CI: 5.5–17%) and 7.5% (95% CI: 4.5–12.1%) respectively. The aggregate lifetime and 12-month prevalence of suicidal ideation was 18% (95% CI: 14.2–22.7%) and 14.2% (95% CI: 11.6–17.3%) respectively. The aggregate lifetime and 12-month prevalence of non-suicidal self-injury was 22.1% (95% CI: 16.9–28.4%) and 19.5% (95% CI: 13.3–27.6%) respectively. The aggregate lifetime and 12-month prevalence of deliberate self-harm was 13.7% (95% CI: 11.0–17.0%) and 14.2% (95% CI: 10.1–19.5%) respectively. Subgroup analyses showed that full-time school attendance, non-Western countries, low and middle-income countries, and geographical locations might contribute to the higher aggregate prevalence of suicidal behaviors, deliberate self-harm, and non-suicidal self-injury. Conclusions : This meta-analysis found that non-suicidal self-injury, suicidal ideation, and deliberate self-harm were the three most common suicidal and self-harm behaviors in children and adolescents.

Suggested Citation

  • Kim-San Lim & Celine H. Wong & Roger S. McIntyre & Jiayun Wang & Zhisong Zhang & Bach X. Tran & Wanqiu Tan & Cyrus S. Ho & Roger C. Ho, 2019. "Global Lifetime and 12-Month Prevalence of Suicidal Behavior, Deliberate Self-Harm and Non-Suicidal Self-Injury in Children and Adolescents between 1989 and 2018: A Meta-Analysis," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(22), pages 1-26, November.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:16:y:2019:i:22:p:4581-:d:288562
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Carol C. Choo & Roger C. Ho & André A. D. Burton, 2018. "Thematic Analysis of Medical Notes Offers Preliminary Insight into Precipitants for Asian Suicide Attempters: An Exploratory Study," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 15(4), pages 1-7, April.
    2. Nicholas Abraham & P. Buvanaswari & Rahul Rathakrishnan & Bach X. Tran & Giang Vu. Thu & Long H. Nguyen & Cyrus S. Ho & Roger C. Ho, 2019. "A Meta-Analysis of the Rates of Suicide Ideation, Attempts and Deaths in People with Epilepsy," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(8), pages 1-10, April.
    3. Luxton, D.D. & June, J.D. & Fairall, J.M., 2012. "Social media and suicide: A public health perspective," American Journal of Public Health, American Public Health Association, vol. 102(S2), pages 195-200.
    4. Carol C. Choo & Peter K. H. Chew & Roger C. Ho, 2018. "Suicide Precipitants Differ Across the Lifespan but Are Not Significant in Predicting Medically Severe Attempts," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 15(4), pages 1-8, April.
    5. Olayinka Omigbodun & Nisha Dogra & Oluyomi Esan & Babatunde Adedokun, 2008. "Prevalence and Correlates of Suicidal Behaviour Among Adolescents in Southwest Nigeria," International Journal of Social Psychiatry, , vol. 54(1), pages 34-46, January.
    6. Edwin F. Liang & Samuel Z. Lim & Wilson W. Tam & Cyrus S. Ho & Melvyn W. Zhang & Roger S. McIntyre & Roger C. Ho, 2018. "The Effect of Methylphenidate and Atomoxetine on Heart Rate and Systolic Blood Pressure in Young People and Adults with Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD): Systematic Review, Meta-Analysi," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 15(8), pages 1-16, August.
    7. Shea Q. Foo & Wilson W. Tam & Cyrus S. Ho & Bach X. Tran & Long H. Nguyen & Roger S. McIntyre & Roger C. Ho, 2018. "Prevalence of Depression among Migrants: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 15(9), pages 1-14, September.
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    1. Park, In Young & Speer, Rachel & Whitfield, Darren L. & Kattari, Leo & Walls, Eugene N. & Christensen, Candace, 2022. "Predictors of bullying, depression, and suicide attempts among youth: The intersection of race/ethnicity by gender identity," Children and Youth Services Review, Elsevier, vol. 139(C).
    2. Lucena, Natasha Lemos & Rossi, Thais Aranha & Azevedo, Laylla Mirella Galvão & Pereira, Marcos, 2022. "Self-injury prevalence in adolescents: A global systematic review and meta-analysis," Children and Youth Services Review, Elsevier, vol. 142(C).

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