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Early Intervention for Children at High Risk of Developmental Disability in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: A Narrative Review

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  • Maya Kohli-Lynch

    (Centre for Academic Child Health, University of Bristol, 1-5 Whiteladies Road, Bristol BS8 1NU, UK
    Maternal, Adolescent, Reproductive & Child Health, Department of Infectious Diseases Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London WC1E 7HT, UK)

  • Cally J. Tann

    (Maternal, Adolescent, Reproductive & Child Health, Department of Infectious Diseases Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London WC1E 7HT, UK
    Neonatal Medicine, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London NW1 2BU, UK
    MRC/UVRI & LSHTM Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe P.O.Box 49, Uganda)

  • Matthew E. Ellis

    (Centre for Academic Child Health, University of Bristol, 1-5 Whiteladies Road, Bristol BS8 1NU, UK)

Abstract

In low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), while neonatal mortality has fallen, the number of children under five with developmental disability remains unchanged. The first thousand days are a critical window for brain development, when interventions are particularly effective. Early Childhood Interventions (ECI) are supported by scientific, human rights, human capital and programmatic rationales. In high-income countries, it is recommended that ECI for high-risk infants start in the neonatal period, and specialised interventions for children with developmental disabilities as early as three months of age; more data is needed on the timing of ECI in LMICs. Emerging evidence supports community-based ECI which focus on peer support, responsive caregiving and preventing secondary morbidities. A combination of individual home visits and community-based groups are likely the best strategy for the delivery of ECI, but more evidence is needed to form strong recommendations, particularly on the dosage of interventions. More data on content, impact and implementation of ECI in LMICs for high-risk infants are urgently needed. The development of ECI for high-risk groups will build on universal early child development best practice but will likely require tailoring to local contexts.

Suggested Citation

  • Maya Kohli-Lynch & Cally J. Tann & Matthew E. Ellis, 2019. "Early Intervention for Children at High Risk of Developmental Disability in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: A Narrative Review," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(22), pages 1-9, November.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:16:y:2019:i:22:p:4449-:d:286314
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Hannah Kuper & Tracey Smythe & Antony Duttine, 2018. "Reflections on Health Promotion and Disability in Low and Middle-Income Countries: Case Study of Parent-Support Programmes for Children with Congenital Zika Syndrome," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 15(3), pages 1-9, March.
    2. Thaddeus, Sereen & Maine, Deborah, 1994. "Too far to walk: Maternal mortality in context," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 38(8), pages 1091-1110, April.
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    Cited by:

    1. Matthew Ellis & Puspa Raj Pant, 2020. "Global Community Child Health," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(9), pages 1-3, May.
    2. Eric Emerson & Gwynnyth Llewellyn, 2021. "The Circumstances of Children with and without Disabilities or Significant Cognitive Delay Living in Ordinary Households in 30 Middle- and Low-Income Countries," Disabilities, MDPI, vol. 1(3), pages 1-13, July.

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