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Changes in Water Soluble Uremic Toxins and Urinary Acute Kidney Injury Biomarkers After 10- and 100-km Runs

Author

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  • Wojciech Wołyniec

    (Department of Occupational, Metabolic and Internal Medicine, Institute of Maritime and Tropical Medicine, Medical University of Gdańsk, 81-519 Gdynia, Poland)

  • Katarzyna Kasprowicz

    (Department of Biology, Ecology and Sports Medicine, Gdańsk University of Physical Education and Sport, 80-336 Gdańsk, Poland)

  • Joanna Giebułtowicz

    (Department of Bioanalysis and Drug Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland)

  • Natalia Korytowska

    (Department of Bioanalysis and Drug Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland)

  • Katarzyna Zorena

    (Department of Immunobiology and Environment Microbiology, Medical University of Gdańsk, 81-519 Gdynia, Poland)

  • Maria Bartoszewicz

    (Department of Immunobiology and Environment Microbiology, Medical University of Gdańsk, 81-519 Gdynia, Poland)

  • Patrycja Rita-Tkachenko

    (Medical Laboratories Bruss Group ALAB, Gdynia, Poland 81-519 Gdynia, Poland)

  • Marcin Renke

    (Department of Occupational, Metabolic and Internal Medicine, Institute of Maritime and Tropical Medicine, Medical University of Gdańsk, 81-519 Gdynia, Poland)

  • Wojciech Ratkowski

    (Department of Athletics, Department of Athletics, Gdańsk University of Physical Education and Sport; 80-336 Gdańsk, Poland)

Abstract

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is described as a relatively common complication of exercise. In clinical practice the diagnosis of AKI is based on serum creatinine, the level of which is dependent not only on glomerular filtration rate but also on muscle mass and injury. Therefore, the diagnosis of AKI is overestimated after physical exercise. The aim of this study was to determine changes in uremic toxins: creatinine, urea, uric acid, asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA), symmetric dimethylarginine (SDMA), trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) and urinary makers of AKI: albumin, neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (uNGAL), kidney injury molecule-1 and cystatin-C (uCyst-C) after long runs. Sixteen runners, mean age 36.7 ± 8.2 years, (2 women, 14 men) participating in 10- and 100-km races were studied. Blood and urine were taken before and after the races to assess markers of AKI. A statistically significant increase in creatinine, urea, uric acid, SDMA and all studied urinary AKI markers was observed. TMAO and ADMA levels did not change. The changes in studied markers seem to be a physiological reaction, because they were observed almost in every runner. The diagnosis of kidney failure after exercise is challenging. The most valuable novel markers which can help in post-exercise AKI diagnosis are uCyst-C and uNGAL.

Suggested Citation

  • Wojciech Wołyniec & Katarzyna Kasprowicz & Joanna Giebułtowicz & Natalia Korytowska & Katarzyna Zorena & Maria Bartoszewicz & Patrycja Rita-Tkachenko & Marcin Renke & Wojciech Ratkowski, 2019. "Changes in Water Soluble Uremic Toxins and Urinary Acute Kidney Injury Biomarkers After 10- and 100-km Runs," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(21), pages 1-19, October.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:16:y:2019:i:21:p:4153-:d:281090
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Dennis M. Bramble & Daniel E. Lieberman, 2004. "Endurance running and the evolution of Homo," Nature, Nature, vol. 432(7015), pages 345-352, November.
    2. Sabrina Schlesinger & Svenja R Sonntag & Wolfgang Lieb & Renke Maas, 2016. "Asymmetric and Symmetric Dimethylarginine as Risk Markers for Total Mortality and Cardiovascular Outcomes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Prospective Studies," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 11(11), pages 1-26, November.
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    Cited by:

    1. Victor Machado Reis, 2020. "Effects of Exercise on Biomarkers in Health and Disease: Some New Insights with Special Focus on Extreme Exercise and Healthy Ageing," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(6), pages 1-5, March.

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