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Development of a Complex Intervention for the Maintenance of Postpartum Smoking Abstinence: Process for Defining Evidence-Based Intervention

Author

Listed:
  • Caitlin Notley

    (Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, UK)

  • Tracey J. Brown

    (Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, UK)

  • Linda Bauld

    (Usher Institute, College of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9YL, UK)

  • Wendy Hardeman

    (School of Health Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, UK)

  • Richard Holland

    (Leicester Medical School, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK)

  • Felix Naughton

    (School of Health Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, UK)

  • Sophie Orton

    (Division of Primary Care, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK)

  • Michael Ussher

    (Population Health Research Institute, St George’s, University of London, London WC1E 7HU, UK
    Institute for Social Marketing and Health, University of Stirling, Stirling FK9 4LA, UK)

Abstract

Relapse to tobacco smoking for pregnant women who quit is a major public health problem. Evidence-based approaches to intervention are urgently required. This study aimed to develop an intervention to be integrated into existing healthcare. A mixed methods approach included a theory-driven systematic review identifying promising behaviour change techniques for targeting smoking relapse prevention, and qualitative focus groups and interviews with women (ex-smokers who had remained quit and those who had relapsed), their partners and healthcare professionals ( N = 74). A final stage recruited ten women to refine and initially test a prototype intervention. Our qualitative analysis suggests a lack, but need for, relapse prevention support. This should be initiated by a trusted ‘credible source’. For many women this would be a midwife or a health visitor. Support needs to be tailored to individual needs, including positive praise/reward, novel digital and electronic support and partner or social support. Advice and support to use e cigarettes or nicotine replacement therapy for relapse prevention was important for some women, but others remained cautious. The resulting prototype complex intervention includes face-to-face support reiterated throughout the postpartum period, tailored digital and self-help support and novel elements such as gifts and nicotine replacement therapy (NRT).

Suggested Citation

  • Caitlin Notley & Tracey J. Brown & Linda Bauld & Wendy Hardeman & Richard Holland & Felix Naughton & Sophie Orton & Michael Ussher, 2019. "Development of a Complex Intervention for the Maintenance of Postpartum Smoking Abstinence: Process for Defining Evidence-Based Intervention," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(11), pages 1-17, June.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:16:y:2019:i:11:p:1968-:d:236823
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Tracey J. Brown & Linda Bauld & Wendy Hardeman & Richard Holland & Felix Naughton & Sophie Orton & Michael Ussher & Caitlin Notley, 2019. "Re-Configuring Identity Postpartum and Sustained Abstinence or Relapse to Tobacco Smoking," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(17), pages 1-11, August.
    2. Benjamin Saunders & Julius Sim & Tom Kingstone & Shula Baker & Jackie Waterfield & Bernadette Bartlam & Heather Burroughs & Clare Jinks, 2018. "Saturation in qualitative research: exploring its conceptualization and operationalization," Quality & Quantity: International Journal of Methodology, Springer, vol. 52(4), pages 1893-1907, July.
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    Cited by:

    1. Lucy Phillips & Katarzyna Anna Campbell & Tim Coleman & Michael Ussher & Sue Cooper & Sarah Lewis & Sophie Orton, 2021. "Barriers and Facilitators to Staying Smoke-Free after Having a Baby, a Qualitative Study: Women’s Views on Support Needed to Prevent Returning to Smoking Postpartum," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(21), pages 1-12, October.
    2. Tracey J. Brown & Linda Bauld & Wendy Hardeman & Richard Holland & Felix Naughton & Sophie Orton & Michael Ussher & Caitlin Notley, 2019. "Re-Configuring Identity Postpartum and Sustained Abstinence or Relapse to Tobacco Smoking," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(17), pages 1-11, August.

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