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Emotional Intelligence, Motivational Climate and Levels of Anxiety in Athletes from Different Categories of Sports: Analysis through Structural Equations

Author

Listed:
  • Manuel Castro-Sánchez

    (Department of Didactics of Musical, Plastic and Corporal Expression, University of Almería, 04120 Almería, Spain)

  • Félix Zurita-Ortega

    (Department of Didactics of Musical, Plastic and Corporal Expression, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain)

  • Ramón Chacón-Cuberos

    (Department of Integrated Didactics, University of Huelva, 21007 Huelva, Spain)

  • Carlos Javier López-Gutiérrez

    (Department of Didactics of Musical, Plastic and Corporal Expression, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain)

  • Edson Zafra-Santos

    (Kinesiology School, University Santo Tomas, 837003 Santiago de Chile, Chile)

Abstract

(1) Background: Psychological factors can strongly affect the athletes’ performance. Therefore, currently the role of the sports psychologist is particularly relevant, being in charge of training the athlete’s psychological factors. This study aims at analysing the connections between motivational climate in sport, anxiety and emotional intelligence depending on the type of sport practised (individual/team) by means of a multigroup structural equations analysis. (2) 372 semi-professional Spanish athletes took part in this investigation, analysing motivational climate (PMCSQ-2), emotional intelligence (SSRI) and levels of anxiety (STAI). A model of multigroup structural equations was carried out which fitted accordingly (χ 2 = 586.77; df = 6.37; p < 0.001; Comparative Fit Index (CFI) = 0.951; Normed Fit Index (NFI) = 0.938; Incremental Fit Index (IFI) = 0.947; Root Mean Square Error of Approximation (RMSEA) = 0.069). (3) Results: A negative and direct connection has been found between ego oriented climate and task oriented climate, which is stronger and more differentiated in team sports. The most influential indicator in ego oriented climate is intra-group rivalry, exerting greater influence in individual sports. For task-oriented climate the strongest indicator is having an important role in individual sports, while in team sports it is cooperative learning. Emotional intelligence dimensions correlate more strongly in team sports than in individual sports. In addition, there was a negative and indirect relation between task oriented climate and trait-anxiety in both categories of sports. (4) Conclusions: This study shows how the task-oriented motivational climate or certain levels of emotional intelligence can act preventively in the face of anxiety states in athletes. Therefore, the development of these psychological factors could prevent anxiety states and improve performance in athletes.

Suggested Citation

  • Manuel Castro-Sánchez & Félix Zurita-Ortega & Ramón Chacón-Cuberos & Carlos Javier López-Gutiérrez & Edson Zafra-Santos, 2018. "Emotional Intelligence, Motivational Climate and Levels of Anxiety in Athletes from Different Categories of Sports: Analysis through Structural Equations," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 15(5), pages 1-14, May.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:15:y:2018:i:5:p:894-:d:144065
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Stephan Lenor & Liam J. A. Lenten & Jordi McKenzie, 2016. "Rivalry Effects and Unbalanced Schedule Optimisation in the Australian Football League," Review of Industrial Organization, Springer;The Industrial Organization Society, vol. 49(1), pages 43-69, August.
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    Cited by:

    1. Félix Zurita-Ortega & Georgian Badicu & Ramón Chacón-Cuberos & Manuel Castro-Sánchez, 2019. "Motivational Climate and Physical Activity: A Multigroup Analysis in Romanian and Spanish University Students," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(11), pages 1-12, June.
    2. Verónica Morales-Sánchez & Montserrat Caballero-Cerbán & Cristina Postigo-Martín & Juan P. Morillo-Baro & Antonio Hernández-Mendo & Rafael E. Reigal, 2022. "Perceived Motivational Climate Determines Self-Confidence and Precompetitive Anxiety in Young Soccer Players: Analysis by Gender," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(23), pages 1-11, November.
    3. Isabel Mercader Rubio & Nieves Gutiérrez Ángel & María Dolores Pérez Esteban & Nieves Fátima Oropesa Ruiz, 2022. "Emotional Intelligence as a Predictor of Motivation, Anxiety and Leadership in Athletes," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(12), pages 1-6, June.
    4. Isabel Mercader-Rubio & Nieves Gutiérrez Ángel & Nieves Fátima Oropesa Ruiz & Pilar Sánchez-López, 2022. "Emotional Intelligence, Interpersonal Relationships and the Role of Gender in Student Athletes," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(15), pages 1-6, July.
    5. Turhan Toros & Emre Bulent Ogras & İlyas Okan & Cenk Temel & Muzaffer Toprak Keskin & Cihat Korkmaz & Eren Uluoz, 2023. "Investigation the Relationship between Mental Toughness and Courage Levels of Sports Sciences Faculty Students for Sustainable Performance," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(12), pages 1-17, June.
    6. Carlos Marchena-Giráldez & Jorge Acebes-Sánchez & Francisco J. Román & Miriam Granado-Peinado, 2021. "Validation of the Spanish Version of the Work Group Emotional Intelligence Profile Short Version (WEIP-S) in the Sports Context," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(2), pages 1-13, January.
    7. Javier Conde-Pipó & Eduardo Melguizo-Ibáñez & Miguel Mariscal-Arcas & Félix Zurita-Ortega & Jose Luis Ubago-Jiménez & Irwin Ramírez-Granizo & Gabriel González-Valero, 2021. "Physical Self-Concept Changes in Adults and Older Adults: Influence of Emotional Intelligence, Intrinsic Motivation and Sports Habits," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(4), pages 1-15, February.
    8. Hsiao-Hsien Lin & Tzu-Yun Lin & Ying Ling & Chih-Cheng Lo, 2021. "Influence of Imagery Training on Adjusting the Pressure of Fin Swimmers, Improving Sports Performance and Stabilizing Psychological Quality," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(22), pages 1-19, November.
    9. Joanna Sobiecka & Ryszard Plinta & Marta Kądziołka & Wojciech Gawroński & Paweł Kruszelnicki & Anna Zwierzchowska, 2019. "Polish Paralympic Sports in the Opinion of Athletes and Coaches in Retrospective Studies," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(24), pages 1-22, December.
    10. Yu Gao & Ning Fu & Yuping Mao & Lu Shi, 2021. "Recreational Screen Time and Anxiety among College Athletes: Findings from Shanghai," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(14), pages 1-8, July.
    11. Daniel Mon-López & Alfonso de la Rubia Riaza & Mónica Hontoria Galán & Ignacio Refoyo Roman, 2020. "The Impact of Covid-19 and the Effect of Psychological Factors on Training Conditions of Handball Players," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(18), pages 1-14, September.

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