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Physical Self-Concept Changes in Adults and Older Adults: Influence of Emotional Intelligence, Intrinsic Motivation and Sports Habits

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  • Javier Conde-Pipó

    (Department of Didactics of Musical, Plastic and Corporal Expression, University of Granada, Campus Universitario de Cartuja s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain)

  • Eduardo Melguizo-Ibáñez

    (Department of Didactics of Musical, Plastic and Corporal Expression, University of Granada, Campus Universitario de Cartuja s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain)

  • Miguel Mariscal-Arcas

    (Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Granada, Campus Universitario de Cartuja s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain)

  • Félix Zurita-Ortega

    (Department of Didactics of Musical, Plastic and Corporal Expression, University of Granada, Campus Universitario de Cartuja s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain)

  • Jose Luis Ubago-Jiménez

    (Department of Didactics of Musical, Plastic and Corporal Expression, University of Granada, Campus Universitario de Cartuja s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain)

  • Irwin Ramírez-Granizo

    (Department of Didactics of Musical, Plastic and Corporal Expression, University of Granada, Campus Universitario de Cartuja s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain)

  • Gabriel González-Valero

    (Department of Didactics of Musical, Plastic and Corporal Expression, University of Granada, Campus Universitario de Cartuja s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain)

Abstract

Lifespan is increasing globally as never before, and leading to an aging world population. Thus, the challenge for society and individuals is now how to live these years in the best possible health and wellbeing. Despite the benefits of physical activity for both are well documented, older people are not active enough. Physical self-concept is correlated with high levels of sports practice, although its evolution across one’s life span is not clear. The aim of this research has been to analyze the physical self-concept in older adults and its relationship with emotional intelligence, motivation and sports habits. The sample of 520 adults aged between 41 and 80 was clustered in ranges of age; 70.96% were men ( n = 369; 57.34 years (SD: 7.97)) and 29.04% women ( n = 151; age = 55.56 years (SD: 9.12)). Questionnaires adapted to Spanish were used to measure physical self-concept (Physical Self-Perception Profile), motivation (Sport Motivation Scale), and emotional intelligence (Trait Meta-Mood Scale). Regarding physical self-concept, the youngest group obtained the highest mean values and the oldest group the lowest. Physical self-concept correlated positively with emotional regulation and intrinsic motivation. Initiation to sports in childhood, the practice of sports activities for more than 150’ per week, and the practice of three or more sports, were associated with a higher score of physical self-concept. The findings reveal that physical self-concept declines in older adults, slightly at first, and sharply between 71 and 80 years, being intrinsic motivation, emotional regulation, and sports habits, factors to consider in favoring a positive physical self-concept and adherence to sporting activities.

Suggested Citation

  • Javier Conde-Pipó & Eduardo Melguizo-Ibáñez & Miguel Mariscal-Arcas & Félix Zurita-Ortega & Jose Luis Ubago-Jiménez & Irwin Ramírez-Granizo & Gabriel González-Valero, 2021. "Physical Self-Concept Changes in Adults and Older Adults: Influence of Emotional Intelligence, Intrinsic Motivation and Sports Habits," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(4), pages 1-15, February.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:18:y:2021:i:4:p:1711-:d:497194
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    5. Rajan Bhardwaj & Solmaz Amiri & Dedra Buchwald & Ofer Amram, 2020. "Environmental Correlates of Reaching a Centenarian Age: Analysis of 144,665 Deaths in Washington State for 2011−2015," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(8), pages 1-13, April.
    6. Irwin Andrés Ramirez-Granizo & María Sánchez-Zafra & Félix Zurita-Ortega & Pilar Puertas-Molero & Gabriel González-Valero & Jose Luis Ubago-Jiménez, 2020. "Multidimensional Self-Concept Depending on Levels of Resilience and the Motivational Climate Directed towards Sport in Schoolchildren," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(2), pages 1-12, January.
    7. Caterina Fiorilli & Eleonora Farina & Ilaria Buonomo & Sebastiano Costa & Luciano Romano & Rosalba Larcan & Konstantinos V. Petrides, 2020. "Trait Emotional Intelligence and School Burnout: The Mediating Role of Resilience and Academic Anxiety in High School," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(9), pages 1-9, April.
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    3. Eduardo Melguizo-Ibáñez & Félix Zurita-Ortega & José Luis Ubago-Jiménez & Pilar Puertas-Molero & Gabriel González-Valero, 2022. "Motivational Climate, Anxiety and Physical Self-Concept in Trainee Physical Education Teachers—An Explanatory Model Regarding Physical Activity Practice Time," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(19), pages 1-13, October.
    4. Luiz Rodrigues-Santana & Hugo Louro & Ángel Denche-Zamorano & Alejandro Vega-Muñoz & Nicolás Contreras-Barraza & Jose Carmelo Adsuar, 2022. "Profile of Whole Body Electromyostimulation Training Users—A Pilot Study," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(8), pages 1-12, April.
    5. Eduardo Melguizo-Ibáñez & Félix Zurita-Ortega & Gabriel González-Valero & Pilar Puertas-Molero & Georgian Badicu & Gianpiero Greco & Stefania Cataldi & Francesco Fischetti, 2022. "Alcohol, Tobacco and Cannabis Consumption on Physical Activity and Physical and Social Self-Concept in Secondary School Students: An Explanatory Model Regarding Gender," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(16), pages 1-14, August.
    6. Eduardo Melguizo-Ibáñez & Pilar Puertas-Molero & Gabriel González-Valero & José Manuel Alonso-Vargas, 2022. "An Explanatory Model of Sport Motivation, Physical Self-Concept and Anxiety as a Function of the Degree of Adherence to the Mediterranean Diet in Future Physical Education Teachers," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(20), pages 1-12, October.
    7. Abdul Halim Abdullah & Elizabeth Julius & Nornazira Suhairom & Marlina Ali & Corrienna Abdul Talib & Zakiah Mohamad Ashari & Umar Haiyat Abdul Kohar & Sharifah Nurarfah S. Abd Rahman, 2022. "Relationship between Self-Concept, Emotional Intelligence and Problem-Solving Skills on Secondary School Students’ Attitude towards Solving Algebraic Problems," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(21), pages 1-22, November.

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