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Geographical Environment Factors and Risk Assessment of Tick-Borne Encephalitis in Hulunbuir, Northeastern China

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  • Yifan Li

    (State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, CAS, Beijing 100101, China
    Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China)

  • Juanle Wang

    (State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, CAS, Beijing 100101, China
    Jiangsu Center for Collaborative Innovation in Geographical Information Resource Development and Application, Nanjing 210023, China)

  • Mengxu Gao

    (State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, CAS, Beijing 100101, China
    National Science and Technology Infrastructure Center, Beijing 100862, China)

  • Liqun Fang

    (State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing 100071, China)

  • Changhua Liu

    (Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China)

  • Xin Lyu

    (State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, CAS, Beijing 100101, China)

  • Yongqing Bai

    (State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, CAS, Beijing 100101, China
    University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China)

  • Qiang Zhao

    (State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, CAS, Beijing 100101, China)

  • Hairong Li

    (State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, CAS, Beijing 100101, China)

  • Hongjie Yu

    (School of Public Health, Fudan University, Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, Shanghai 200032, China)

  • Wuchun Cao

    (State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing 100071, China)

  • Liqiang Feng

    (Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China)

  • Yanjun Wang

    (Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China)

  • Bin Zhang

    (Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China)

Abstract

Tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) is one of natural foci diseases transmitted by ticks. Its distribution and transmission are closely related to geographic and environmental factors. Identification of environmental determinates of TBE is of great importance to understanding the general distribution of existing and potential TBE natural foci. Hulunbuir, one of the most severe endemic areas of the disease, is selected as the study area. Statistical analysis, global and local spatial autocorrelation analysis, and regression methods were applied to detect the spatiotemporal characteristics, compare the impact degree of associated factors, and model the risk distribution using the heterogeneity. The statistical analysis of gridded geographic and environmental factors and TBE incidence show that the TBE patients mainly occurred during spring and summer and that there is a significant positive spatial autocorrelation between the distribution of TBE cases and environmental characteristics. The impact degree of these factors on TBE risks has the following descending order: temperature, relative humidity, vegetation coverage, precipitation and topography. A high-risk area with a triangle shape was determined in the central part of Hulunbuir; the low-risk area is located in the two belts next to the outside edge of the central triangle. The TBE risk distribution revealed that the impact of the geographic factors changed depending on the heterogeneity.

Suggested Citation

  • Yifan Li & Juanle Wang & Mengxu Gao & Liqun Fang & Changhua Liu & Xin Lyu & Yongqing Bai & Qiang Zhao & Hairong Li & Hongjie Yu & Wuchun Cao & Liqiang Feng & Yanjun Wang & Bin Zhang, 2017. "Geographical Environment Factors and Risk Assessment of Tick-Borne Encephalitis in Hulunbuir, Northeastern China," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 14(6), pages 1-18, May.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:14:y:2017:i:6:p:569-:d:99811
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Wang, Hsiao-Hsuan & Grant, W.E. & Teel, P.D. & Hamer, S.A., 2016. "Tick-borne infectious agents in nature: Simulated effects of changes in host density on spatial-temporal prevalence of infected ticks," Ecological Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 323(C), pages 77-86.
    2. Wang, Hsiao-Hsuan & Teel, Pete D. & Grant, William E. & Schuster, Greta & Pérez de León, A.A., 2016. "Simulated interactions of white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus), climate variation and habitat heterogeneity on southern cattle tick (Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus) eradication methods in s," Ecological Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 342(C), pages 82-96.
    3. Glass, G.E. & Schwartz, B.S. & Morgan III, J.M. & Johnson, D.T. & Noy, P.M. & Israel, E., 1995. "Environmental risk factors for Lyme disease identified with geographic information systems," American Journal of Public Health, American Public Health Association, vol. 85(7), pages 944-948.
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