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Combined and Relative Effect Levels of Perceived Risk, Knowledge, Optimism, Pessimism, and Social Trust on Anxiety among Inhabitants Concerning Living on Heavy Metal Contaminated Soil

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  • Zhongjun Tang

    (College of Economics and Administration, Beijing University of Technology, No. 100 Pingleyuan, Beijing 100124, China)

  • Zengli Guo

    (College of Economics and Administration, Beijing University of Technology, No. 100 Pingleyuan, Beijing 100124, China)

  • Li Zhou

    (Faculty of Business, University of Greenwich, London SE10 9LS, UK)

  • Shengguo Xue

    (School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China)

  • Qinfeng Zhu

    (School of Business, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China)

  • Huike Zhu

    (College of Economics and Administration, Beijing University of Technology, No. 100 Pingleyuan, Beijing 100124, China)

Abstract

This research aims at combined and relative effect levels on anxiety of: (1) perceived risk, knowledge, optimism, pessimism, and social trust; and (2) four sub-variables of social trust among inhabitants concerning living on heavy metal contaminated soil. On the basis of survey data from 499 Chinese respondents, results suggest that perceived risk, pessimism, optimism, and social trust have individual, significant, and direct effects on anxiety, while knowledge does not. Knowledge has significant, combined, and interactive effects on anxiety together with social trust and pessimism, respectively, but does not with perceived risk and optimism. Social trust, perceived risk, pessimism, knowledge, and optimism have significantly combined effects on anxiety; the five variables as a whole have stronger predictive values than each one individually. Anxiety is influenced firstly by social trust and secondly by perceived risk, pessimism, knowledge, and optimism. Each of four sub-variables of social trust has an individual, significant, and negative effect on anxiety. When introducing four sub-variables into one model, trust in social organizations and in the government have significantly combined effects on anxiety, while trust in experts and in friends and relatives do not; anxiety is influenced firstly by trust in social organization, and secondly by trust in the government.

Suggested Citation

  • Zhongjun Tang & Zengli Guo & Li Zhou & Shengguo Xue & Qinfeng Zhu & Huike Zhu, 2016. "Combined and Relative Effect Levels of Perceived Risk, Knowledge, Optimism, Pessimism, and Social Trust on Anxiety among Inhabitants Concerning Living on Heavy Metal Contaminated Soil," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 13(11), pages 1-17, November.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:13:y:2016:i:11:p:1076-:d:81999
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Dirk Grasmück & Roland W. Scholz, 2005. "Risk Perception of Heavy Metal Soil Contamination by High‐Exposed and Low‐Exposed Inhabitants: The Role of Knowledge and Emotional Concerns," Risk Analysis, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 25(3), pages 611-622, June.
    2. Landman-Peeters, Karlien M.C. & Hartman, Catharina A. & van der Pompe, Gieta & den Boer, Johan A. & Minderaa, Ruud B. & Ormel, Johan, 2005. "Gender differences in the relation between social support, problems in parent-offspring communication, and depression and anxiety," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 60(11), pages 2549-2559, June.
    3. Miguel Ángel López-Navarro & Jaume Llorens-Monzonís & Vicente Tortosa-Edo, 2013. "The Effect of Social Trust on Citizens’ Health Risk Perception in the Context of a Petrochemical Industrial Complex," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 10(1), pages 1-18, January.
    4. Olaf Weber & Roland W. Scholz & Renate Bühlmann & Dirk Grasmück, 2001. "Risk Perception of Heavy Metal Soil Contamination and Attitudes toward Decontamination Strategies," Risk Analysis, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 21(5), pages 967-967, October.
    5. Stockdale, Susan E. & Wells, Kenneth B. & Tang, Lingqi & Belin, Thomas R. & Zhang, Lily & Sherbourne, Cathy D., 2007. "The importance of social context: Neighborhood stressors, stress-buffering mechanisms, and alcohol, drug, and mental health disorders," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 65(9), pages 1867-1881, November.
    6. Vandermoere, Frédéric, 2008. "Psychosocial health of residents exposed to soil pollution in a Flemish neighbourhood," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 66(7), pages 1646-1657, April.
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