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Levels of Urbanization and Parental Education in Relation to the Mortality Risk of Young Children

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  • Hsin-Sheng Fang

    (School of Preclinical Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
    The Sun Vitality Clinic, Taichung 43748, Taiwan
    These authors contributed equally to this work.)

  • Wei-Ling Chen

    (Department of Health Care Management, National Taipei University of Nursing and Health Sciences, Taipei 10845, Taiwan)

  • Chiu-Ying Chen

    (Department of Public Health, College of Public Health, China Medical University, Taichung 40454, Taiwan)

  • Chun-Hua Jia

    (School of Preclinical Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China)

  • Chung-Yi Li

    (Department of Public Health, College of Public Health, China Medical University, Taichung 40454, Taiwan
    Department and Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan
    These authors contributed equally to this work.)

  • Wen-Hsuan Hou

    (Master Program in Long-Term Care, College of Nursing, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
    School of Gerontology Health Management, College of Nursing, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
    Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
    Center for Evidence-Based Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan)

Abstract

Background : The establishment of the National Health Insurance program in Taiwan in 1995 effectively removed the financial barrier to access health care services of Taiwanese people. This population-based cohort study aimed to determine the independent and joint effects of parental education and area urbanization on the mortality risk among children under the universal health insurance coverage in Taiwan since 1995. Methods : We linked 1,501,620 births from 1996 to 2000 to the Taiwan Death Registry to estimate the neonatal, infant, and under-five mortality rates, according to the levels of parental education and urbanization of residential areas. We used a logistic regression model that considers data clustering to estimate the independent and joint effects. Results : Lower levels of parental education and area urbanization exerted an independent effect of mortality on young children, with a stronger magnitude noted for areas with lower levels of urbanization. Children whose parents had lower levels of education and who were born in areas with lower levels of urbanization experienced the highest risk for neonatal (odds ratio (OR) = 1.60, 95% CI = 1.46–1.76), infant (OR = 1.58, 95% CI = 1.48–1.70), and under-five (OR = 1.71, 95% CI = 1.61–1.82) mortality. Conclusions : Even with universal health insurance coverage, lower levels of area urbanization and parental education still exerted independent and joint effects on mortality in young children. This finding implies the inadequate accessibility to health care resources for children from socially disadvantaged families and less urbanized areas.

Suggested Citation

  • Hsin-Sheng Fang & Wei-Ling Chen & Chiu-Ying Chen & Chun-Hua Jia & Chung-Yi Li & Wen-Hsuan Hou, 2015. "Levels of Urbanization and Parental Education in Relation to the Mortality Risk of Young Children," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 12(7), pages 1-15, July.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:12:y:2015:i:7:p:7682-7696:d:52239
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Rauh, V.A. & Andrews, H.F. & Garfinkel, R.S., 2001. "The contribution of maternal age to racial disparities in birthweight: A multilevel perspective," American Journal of Public Health, American Public Health Association, vol. 91(11), pages 1815-1824.
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