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The Hispanic Paradox and Older Adults’ Disabilities: Is There a Healthy Migrant Effect?

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  • Esme Fuller Thomson

    (Factor-Inwentash Faculty of Social Work, University of Toronto 246 Bloor Street West, Toronto, ON M5S 1A1, Canada)

  • Amani Nuru-Jeter

    (School of Public Health, University of California Berkeley, CA 94720, USA)

  • Dawn Richardson

    (College of Urban and Public Affairs, Portland State University, Portland, OR 97201, USA)

  • Ferrah Raza

    (Factor-Inwentash Faculty of Social Work, University of Toronto 246 Bloor Street West, Toronto, ON M5S 1A1, Canada)

  • Meredith Minkler

    (School of Public Health, University of California Berkeley, CA 94720, USA)

Abstract

The “Hispanic Paradox” suggests that despite rates of poverty similar to African Americans, Hispanics have far better health and mortality outcomes, more comparable to non-Hispanic White Americans. Three prominent possible explanations for the Hispanic Paradox have emerged. The “Healthy Migrant Effect” suggests a health selection effect due to the demands of migration. The Hispanic lifestyle hypothesis focuses on Hispanics’ strong social ties and better health behaviors. The reverse migration argument suggests that the morbidity profile in the USA is affected when many Hispanic immigrants return to their native countries after developing a serious illness. We analyzed data from respondents aged 55 and over from the nationally representative 2006 American Community Survey including Mexican Americans (13,167 U.S. born; 11,378 immigrants), Cuban Americans (314 U.S. born; 3,730 immigrants), and non-Hispanic White Americans (629,341 U.S. born; 31,164 immigrants). The healthy migrant effect was supported with SES-adjusted disability comparable between Mexican, Cuban and non-Hispanic Whites born in the USA and all immigrants having lower adjusted odds of functional limitations than U.S. born non-Hispanic Whites. The reverse migration hypothesis was partially supported, with citizenship and longer duration in the USA associated with higher rates of SES-adjusted disability for Mexican Americans. The Hispanic healthy life-style explanation had little support in this study. Our findings underline the importance of considering nativity when planning for health interventions to address the needs of the growing Hispanic American older adult population.

Suggested Citation

  • Esme Fuller Thomson & Amani Nuru-Jeter & Dawn Richardson & Ferrah Raza & Meredith Minkler, 2013. "The Hispanic Paradox and Older Adults’ Disabilities: Is There a Healthy Migrant Effect?," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 10(5), pages 1-29, May.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:10:y:2013:i:5:p:1786-1814:d:25441
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    6. Jean Chang & Mignonne C. Guy & Cecilia Rosales & Jill G. de Zapien & Lisa K. Staten & Maria L. Fernandez & Scott C. Carvajal, 2013. "Investigating Social Ecological Contributors to Diabetes within Hispanics in an Underserved U.S.-Mexico Border Community," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 10(8), pages 1-16, July.

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