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West Nile Virus State of the Art Report of MALWEST Project

Author

Listed:
  • Andriani Marka

    (Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, Larissa 41222, Greece)

  • Alexandros Diamantidis

    (Laboratory of Entomology and Agricultural Zoology, School of Agricultural Sciences, University of Thessaly, Volos 38446, Greece)

  • Anna Papa

    (National Reference Center for Arboviruses, Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki 54124, Greece)

  • George Valiakos

    (Laboratory of Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Thessaly, Karditsa 43100, Greece)

  • Serafeim C. Chaintoutis

    (Laboratory of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki 54124, Greece)

  • Dimitrios Doukas

    (Laboratory of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Thessaly, Karditsa 43100, Greece)

  • Persefoni Tserkezou

    (Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, Larissa 41222, Greece)

  • Alexios Giannakopoulos

    (Laboratory of Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Thessaly, Karditsa 43100, Greece)

  • Konstantinos Papaspyropoulos

    (Laboratory of Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Thessaly, Karditsa 43100, Greece)

  • Eleni Patsoula

    (Department of Parasitology, Entomology and Tropical Diseases, National School of Public Health, Athens 11521, Greece)

  • Evangelos Badieritakis

    (Laboratory of Biological Control of Pesticides, Benaki Phytopathological Institute, Athens 14561, Greece)

  • Agoritsa Baka

    (Hellenic Centre for Disease Control and Prevention (KEELPNO), Athens 15123, Greece)

  • Maria Tseroni

    (Hellenic Centre for Disease Control and Prevention (KEELPNO), Athens 15123, Greece)

  • Danai Pervanidou

    (Hellenic Centre for Disease Control and Prevention (KEELPNO), Athens 15123, Greece)

  • Nikos T. Papadopoulos

    (Laboratory of Entomology and Agricultural Zoology, School of Agricultural Sciences, University of Thessaly, Volos 38446, Greece)

  • George Koliopoulos

    (Laboratory of Biological Control of Pesticides, Benaki Phytopathological Institute, Athens 14561, Greece)

  • Dimitrios Tontis

    (Laboratory of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Thessaly, Karditsa 43100, Greece)

  • Chrysostomos I. Dovas

    (Laboratory of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki 54124, Greece)

  • Charalambos Billinis

    (Laboratory of Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Thessaly, Karditsa 43100, Greece)

  • Athanassios Tsakris

    (Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Athens, Athens 11527, Greece)

  • Jenny Kremastinou

    (Hellenic Centre for Disease Control and Prevention (KEELPNO), Athens 15123, Greece)

  • Christos Hadjichristodoulou

    (Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, Larissa 41222, Greece)

  • For The MALWEST Project

    (Nikolaos Vakalis, Ioannis Tselentis, Anna Psaroulaki, Zissis Mamouris, Yeorgios Photis, Maria Papanastassopoulou, Vasiliki Spyrou, Sotirios Tsiodras, Theano Georgakopoulou, Marios Detsis, Evdokia Vassalou, Spyridoula Zarzani, Athanassios Zounos, Katerina Komata, Georgios Balatsos, Stavroula Beleri, Anastasia Mpimpa, Vasilios Papavasilopoulos, Ioannis Rodis, Grigorios Spanakos, Nikolaos Tegos, Maria Mavrouli, Anastasia Stavropoulou, Lida Politi, Georgia Mageira, Varvara Christopoulou, Georgia Diamantopoulou, Nikolaos Spanakis, Georgia Vrioni, Evangelia-Theofano Piperaki, Kornilia Mitsopoulou, Ilias Kioulos, Antonios Michaelakis, Ioannis Stathis, Elpida Papadopoulou, Theodolinta Testa, Ourania Tsakalidou, Katerina Moutou, Theologia Sarafidou, Konstantinos Stamatis, Konstantina Sarri, George Rachiotis, Nikolaos Bitsolas, Charalambos Ioannou, Christos Athanasiou, Christos Gerofotis, Zisis Dalabiras, Periklis Birtsas, Labrini Athanasiou, Vasilis Antalis, Maria Keramarou, Dimosthenis Chochlakis, Maria Konstantinou, Panagiotis Manetos, Stylianos Tsobanoglou, Spyros Mourelatos, Panagiotis Pergantas and Georgios Eleftheriou.)

Abstract

During the last three years Greece is experiencing the emergence of West Nile virus (WNV) epidemics. Within this framework, an integrated surveillance and control programme (MALWEST project) with thirteen associate partners was launched aiming to investigate the disease and suggest appropriate interventions. One out of seven work packages of the project is dedicated to the State of the Art report for WNV. Three expert working groups on humans, animals and mosquitoes were established. Medical databases (PubMed, Scopus) were searched together with websites: e.g., WHO, CDC, ECDC. In total, 1,092 relevant articles were initially identified and 258 of them were finally included as references regarding the current knowledge about WNV, along with 36 additional sources (conference papers, reports, book chapters). The review is divided in three sections according to the fields of interest: (1) WNV in humans (epidemiology, molecular characteristics, transmission, diagnosis, treatment, prevention, surveillance); (2) WNV in animals (epidemiological and transmission characteristics concerning birds, horses, reptiles and other animal species) and (3) WNV in mosquitoes (control, surveillance). Finally, some examples of integrated surveillance programmes are presented. The introduction and establishment of the disease in Greece and other European countries further emphasizes the need for thorough research and broadening of our knowledge on this viral pathogen.

Suggested Citation

  • Andriani Marka & Alexandros Diamantidis & Anna Papa & George Valiakos & Serafeim C. Chaintoutis & Dimitrios Doukas & Persefoni Tserkezou & Alexios Giannakopoulos & Konstantinos Papaspyropoulos & Eleni, 2013. "West Nile Virus State of the Art Report of MALWEST Project," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 10(12), pages 1-77, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:10:y:2013:i:12:p:6534-6610:d:30921
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Arun V. Iyer & Konstantin G. Kousoulas, 2013. "A Review of Vaccine Approaches for West Nile Virus," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 10(9), pages 1-24, September.
    2. Esra Ozdenerol & Gregory N. Taff & Cem Akkus, 2013. "Exploring the Spatio-Temporal Dynamics of Reservoir Hosts, Vectors, and Human Hosts of West Nile Virus: A Review of the Recent Literature," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 10(11), pages 1-34, October.
    3. Shannon L. LaDeau & A. Marm Kilpatrick & Peter P. Marra, 2007. "West Nile virus emergence and large-scale declines of North American bird populations," Nature, Nature, vol. 447(7145), pages 710-713, June.
    4. Olivier Engler & Giovanni Savini & Anna Papa & Jordi Figuerola & Martin H. Groschup & Helge Kampen & Jolyon Medlock & Alexander Vaux & Anthony J. Wilson & Doreen Werner & Hanna Jöst & Maria Goffredo &, 2013. "European Surveillance for West Nile Virus in Mosquito Populations," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 10(10), pages 1-27, October.
    5. Brian R. Mann & Allison R. McMullen & Daniele M. Swetnam & Alan D. T. Barrett, 2013. "Molecular Epidemiology and Evolution of West Nile Virus in North America," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 10(10), pages 1-19, October.
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