Advancing Electrochemical Energy Storage: A Review of Electrospinning Factors and Their Impact

The imperative for sustainable energy has driven the demand for efficient energy storage systems that can harness renewable resources and store surplus energy for off-peak usage. Among the numerous advancements in energy storage technology, polymeric nanofibers have emerged as promising nanomaterials, offering high specific surface areas that facilitate increased charge storage and enhanced energy density, thereby improving electrochemical performance. This review delves into the pivotal role of nanofibers in determining the optimal functionality of energy storage systems. Electrospinning emerged as a facile and cost-effective method for generating nanofibers with customizable nanostructures, making it attractive for energy storage applications. Our comprehensive review article examines the latest developments in electrospun nanofibers for electrochemical storage devices, highlighting their use as separators and electrode materials. We provide an in-depth analysis of their application in various battery technologies, including supercapacitors, lithium-ion batteries, sodium-ion batteries, potassium-ion batteries, lithium–sulfur batteries, and lithium–oxygen batteries, with a focus on their electrochemical performance. Furthermore, we summarize the diverse fabrication techniques, optimization of key influencing factors, and environmental implications of nanofiber production and their properties. This review aims to offer an inclusive understanding of electrospinning’s role in advancing electrochemical energy storage, providing insights into the factors that drive the performance of these critical materials.