IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jeners/v18y2025i1p184-d1560003.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Development and Implementation of the MPPT Based on Incremental Conductance for Voltage and Frequency Control in Single-Stage DC-AC Converters

Author

Listed:
  • Javier Alonso Ramírez Torres

    (Instituto de Investigación e Innovación en Energías Renovables, Universidad de Ciencias y Artes de Chiapas, Tuxtla Gutiérrez 29014, Mexico)

  • Orlando Lastres Danguillecourt

    (Instituto de Investigación e Innovación en Energías Renovables, Universidad de Ciencias y Artes de Chiapas, Tuxtla Gutiérrez 29014, Mexico)

  • Roberto Adrián González Domínguez

    (Centro de Investigación, Innovación y Desarrollo Tecnológico (CIIDETEC-UVM), Universidad del Valle de México, Tuxtla Gutiérrez 29056, Mexico)

  • Guillermo Rogelio Ibáñez Duharte

    (Instituto de Investigación e Innovación en Energías Renovables, Universidad de Ciencias y Artes de Chiapas, Tuxtla Gutiérrez 29014, Mexico)

  • Laura Elena Verea Valladares

    (Instituto de Investigación e Innovación en Energías Renovables, Universidad de Ciencias y Artes de Chiapas, Tuxtla Gutiérrez 29014, Mexico)

  • Joel Pantoja Enríquez

    (Instituto de Investigación e Innovación en Energías Renovables, Universidad de Ciencias y Artes de Chiapas, Tuxtla Gutiérrez 29014, Mexico)

  • Jesús Antonio Enríquez Santiago

    (División de Estudios de Posgrado, Universidad del Istmo, Santo Domingo Tehuantepec 70760, Mexico)

  • Andrés López López

    (Centro de Investigación, Innovación y Desarrollo Tecnológico (CIIDETEC-UVM), Universidad del Valle de México, Tuxtla Gutiérrez 29056, Mexico)

  • Antonio Verde Añorve

    (Instituto de Investigación e Innovación en Energías Renovables, Universidad de Ciencias y Artes de Chiapas, Tuxtla Gutiérrez 29014, Mexico)

Abstract

This paper presents the design, simulation, and experimental evaluation of a low-cost, fixed-step MPPT algorithm based on the incremental conductance technique for operation in a low-power photovoltaic (PV) system with a full-bridge DC-AC converter. The performance of the MPPT algorithm was improved by selecting an appropriate fixed perturbation step size and frequency, ensuring efficient power tracking. The implementation was further optimized by restructuring the conventional algorithm and adapting the DC-AC converter control parameters, which enhanced overall performance and optimized coupling for AC loads. The simulation was performed in Simulink/Matlab with a 560 Wp PV system and a resistive load, under variable irradiation conditions. The perturbation step size was set to 1%, and the perturbation frequency ranged between 2 Hz and 15 Hz, with the converter output at 60 Hz. Experimentally, it was validated at an irradiance of 1000 W/m 2 and an ambient temperature of 45 °C. The algorithm achieved simulation efficiencies of up to 98.93% and an average experimental efficiency of 96.76%. The response time improved by 86% with a perturbation frequency of 15 Hz. This developed MPPT algorithm demonstrates its reliability, accuracy, and feasibility for implementation.

Suggested Citation

  • Javier Alonso Ramírez Torres & Orlando Lastres Danguillecourt & Roberto Adrián González Domínguez & Guillermo Rogelio Ibáñez Duharte & Laura Elena Verea Valladares & Joel Pantoja Enríquez & Jesús Anto, 2025. "Development and Implementation of the MPPT Based on Incremental Conductance for Voltage and Frequency Control in Single-Stage DC-AC Converters," Energies, MDPI, vol. 18(1), pages 1-19, January.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:18:y:2025:i:1:p:184-:d:1560003
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/18/1/184/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/18/1/184/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Sachin Angadi & Udaykumar R. Yaragatti & Yellasiri Suresh & A. B. Raju, 2021. "System Parameter Based Performance Optimization of Solar PV Systems with Perturbation Based MPPT Algorithms," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(7), pages 1-20, April.
    2. Haidar Islam & Saad Mekhilef & Noraisyah Binti Mohamed Shah & Tey Kok Soon & Mehdi Seyedmahmousian & Ben Horan & Alex Stojcevski, 2018. "Performance Evaluation of Maximum Power Point Tracking Approaches and Photovoltaic Systems," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(2), pages 1-24, February.
    3. Ahmed Ismail M. Ali & Zuhair Muhammed Alaas & Mahmoud A. Sayed & Abdulaziz Almalaq & Anouar Farah & Mohamed A. Mohamed, 2022. "An Efficient MPPT Technique-Based Single-Stage Incremental Conductance for Integrated PV Systems Considering Flyback Central-Type PV Inverter," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(19), pages 1-15, September.
    4. Emmanuel Hernández-Mayoral & Manuel Madrigal-Martínez & Jesús D. Mina-Antonio & Reynaldo Iracheta-Cortez & Jesús A. Enríquez-Santiago & Omar Rodríguez-Rivera & Gregorio Martínez-Reyes & Edwin Mendoza-, 2023. "A Comprehensive Review on Power-Quality Issues, Optimization Techniques, and Control Strategies of Microgrid Based on Renewable Energy Sources," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(12), pages 1-53, June.
    5. Jialan Sun & Jinwei Fan, 2024. "Experimental Assessment of a Novel Irradiance Sensorless Intelligent Control Scheme for a Standalone Photovoltaic System under Real Climatic Conditions," Energies, MDPI, vol. 17(18), pages 1-31, September.
    6. Dilip Kumar & Yogesh Kumar Chauhan & Ajay Shekhar Pandey & Ankit Kumar Srivastava & Varun Kumar & Faisal Alsaif & Rajvikram Madurai Elavarasan & Md Rabiul Islam & Raju Kannadasan & Mohammed H. Alshari, 2023. "A Novel Hybrid MPPT Approach for Solar PV Systems Using Particle-Swarm-Optimization-Trained Machine Learning and Flying Squirrel Search Optimization," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(6), pages 1-29, March.
    7. Bustani Hadi Wijaya & Ramadhani Kurniawan Subroto & Kuo Lung Lian & Nanang Hariyanto, 2020. "A Maximum Power Point Tracking Method Based on a Modified Grasshopper Algorithm Combined with Incremental Conductance," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(17), pages 1-19, August.
    8. Adeel Feroz Mirza & Majad Mansoor & Qiang Ling & Muhammad Imran Khan & Omar M. Aldossary, 2020. "Advanced Variable Step Size Incremental Conductance MPPT for a Standalone PV System Utilizing a GA-Tuned PID Controller," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(16), pages 1-25, August.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Aranzazu D. Martin & Juan M. Cano & Reyes S. Herrera & Jesus R. Vazquez, 2019. "Wireless Sliding MPPT Control of Photovoltaic Systems in Distributed Generation Systems," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(17), pages 1-16, August.
    2. Hassan M. H. Farh & Mohd F. Othman & Ali M. Eltamaly & M. S. Al-Saud, 2018. "Maximum Power Extraction from a Partially Shaded PV System Using an Interleaved Boost Converter," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(10), pages 1-18, September.
    3. Mostafa Ahmed & Mohamed Abdelrahem & Ibrahim Harbi & Ralph Kennel, 2020. "An Adaptive Model-Based MPPT Technique with Drift-Avoidance for Grid-Connected PV Systems," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(24), pages 1-25, December.
    4. Haoming Liu & Muhammad Yasir Ali Khan & Xiaoling Yuan, 2023. "Hybrid Maximum Power Extraction Methods for Photovoltaic Systems: A Comprehensive Review," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(15), pages 1-64, July.
    5. Triet Nguyen-Van & Rikiya Abe & Kenji Tanaka, 2018. "MPPT and SPPT Control for PV-Connected Inverters Using Digital Adaptive Hysteresis Current Control," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(8), pages 1-16, August.
    6. Carlos Olalla & Md. Nazmul Hasan & Chris Deline & Dragan Maksimović, 2018. "Mitigation of Hot-Spots in Photovoltaic Systems Using Distributed Power Electronics," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(4), pages 1-16, March.
    7. Omer Saleem & Shehryaar Ali & Jamshed Iqbal, 2023. "Robust MPPT Control of Stand-Alone Photovoltaic Systems via Adaptive Self-Adjusting Fractional Order PID Controller," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(13), pages 1-20, June.
    8. Brayan A. Atoccsa & David W. Puma & Daygord Mendoza & Estefany Urday & Cristhian Ronceros & Modesto T. Palma, 2024. "Optimization of Ampacity in High-Voltage Underground Cables with Thermal Backfill Using Dynamic PSO and Adaptive Strategies," Energies, MDPI, vol. 17(5), pages 1-19, February.
    9. Salah Abbas Taha & Zuhair S. Al-Sagar & Mohammed Abdulla Abdulsada & Mohammed Alruwaili & Moustafa Ahmed Ibrahim, 2025. "Design of an Efficient MPPT Topology Based on a Grey Wolf Optimizer-Particle Swarm Optimization (GWO-PSO) Algorithm for a Grid-Tied Solar Inverter Under Variable Rapid-Change Irradiance," Energies, MDPI, vol. 18(8), pages 1-21, April.
    10. Matías Garbarino & Jaime Rohten & Rodrigo Morales & José Espinoza & Javier Muñoz & José Silva & David Dewar, 2023. "Extended Operating Region Algorithm for PV Array Connected to Microgrids for Wide Frequency and Amplitude Variations," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(7), pages 1-22, March.
    11. Tamir Shaqarin, 2023. "Particle Swarm Optimization with Targeted Position-Mutated Elitism (PSO-TPME) for Partially Shaded PV Systems," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(5), pages 1-23, February.
    12. Abdelali El Aroudi & Mohamed Al-Numay & Germain Garcia & Khalifa Al Hossani & Naji Al Sayari & Angel Cid-Pastor, 2018. "Analysis of Nonlinear Dynamics of a Quadratic Boost Converter Used for Maximum Power Point Tracking in a Grid-Interlinked PV System," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(1), pages 1-23, December.
    13. Ahmed Al Mansur & Md. Ruhul Amin & Kazi Khairul Islam, 2019. "Performance Comparison of Mismatch Power Loss Minimization Techniques in Series-Parallel PV Array Configurations," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(5), pages 1-21, March.
    14. Hsen Abidi & Lilia Sidhom & Ines Chihi, 2023. "Systematic Literature Review and Benchmarking for Photovoltaic MPPT Techniques," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(8), pages 1-45, April.
    15. Naser, Abdulbari Talib & Ab Aziz, Nur Fadilah & Mohammed, Karam Khairullah & Binti Kamil, Karmila & Mekhilef, Saad, 2024. "A novel hybrid GMPPT method for PV systems to mitigate power oscillations and partial shading detection," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 237(PA).
    16. Verma, Ravikant & Gupta, Shubhrata & Yadav, Anamika, 2024. "Performance evaluation of different photovoltaic array configurations under partial shading," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 237(PC).
    17. Xianyang Cui & Yulong Liu & Ding Yuan & Tao Jin & Mohamed A. Mohamed, 2023. "A Hierarchical Coordinated Control Strategy for Power Quality Improvement in Energy Router Integrated Active Distribution Networks," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(3), pages 1-20, February.
    18. Cambambi, Cláudio A.C. & Canha, Luciane N. & Sperandio, Maurício & Rangel, Camilo & Milani, Isabel P., 2025. "Energy exchange optimization among multiple geolocated microgrids: A coalition formation approach for cost reduction," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 379(C).
    19. Dalia Yousri & Thanikanti Sudhakar Babu & Dalia Allam & Vigna. K. Ramachandaramurthy & Eman Beshr & Magdy. B. Eteiba, 2019. "Fractional Chaos Maps with Flower Pollination Algorithm for Partial Shading Mitigation of Photovoltaic Systems," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(18), pages 1-27, September.
    20. Akinyemi Ayodeji Stephen & Kabeya Musasa & Innocent Ewean Davidson, 2022. "Modelling of Solar PV under Varying Condition with an Improved Incremental Conductance and Integral Regulator," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(7), pages 1-22, March.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:18:y:2025:i:1:p:184-:d:1560003. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.