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Green Hydrogen in Jordan: Stakeholder Perspectives on Technological, Infrastructure, and Economic Barriers

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  • Hussam J. Khasawneh

    (Department of Mechatronics Engineering, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan
    Department of Electrical Engineering, Al Hussein Technical University, Amman 11831, Jordan)

  • Rawan A. Maaitah

    (Chemistry Laboratory, Marine Science Station, Aqaba 77110, Jordan)

  • Ahmad AlShdaifat

    (Department of Applied Earth and Environmental Sciences, Al Al-Bayt University, Mafraq 25113, Jordan)

Abstract

Green hydrogen, produced via renewable-powered electrolysis, offers a promising path toward deep decarbonisation in energy systems. This study investigates the major technological, infrastructural, and economic challenges facing green hydrogen production in Jordan—a resource-constrained yet renewable-rich country. Key barriers were identified through a structured survey of 52 national stakeholders, including water scarcity, low electrolysis efficiency, limited grid compatibility, and underdeveloped transport infrastructure. Respondents emphasised that overcoming these challenges requires investment in smart grid technologies, seawater desalination, advanced electrolysers, and policy instruments such as subsidies and public–private partnerships. These findings are consistent with global assessments, which recognise similar structural and financial obstacles in scaling up green hydrogen across emerging economies. Despite the constraints, over 50% of surveyed stakeholders expressed optimism about Jordan’s potential to develop a competitive green hydrogen sector, especially for industrial and power generation uses. This paper provides empirical, context-specific insights into the conditions required to scale green hydrogen in developing economies. It proposes an integrated roadmap focusing on infrastructure modernisation, targeted financial mechanisms, and enabling policy frameworks.

Suggested Citation

  • Hussam J. Khasawneh & Rawan A. Maaitah & Ahmad AlShdaifat, 2025. "Green Hydrogen in Jordan: Stakeholder Perspectives on Technological, Infrastructure, and Economic Barriers," Energies, MDPI, vol. 18(15), pages 1-24, July.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:18:y:2025:i:15:p:3929-:d:1708154
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Mustafa Jaradat & Omar Alsotary & Adel Juaidi & Aiman Albatayneh & Asem Alzoubi & Shiva Gorjian, 2022. "Potential of Producing Green Hydrogen in Jordan," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(23), pages 1-21, November.
    2. Mohamed Ramadan A. Rezk & Leonardo Piccinetti & Hesham A. Saleh & Nahed Salem & Mohamed Mokhtar M. Mostafa & Donatella Santoro & Alaa A. El-Bary & Mahmoud M. Sakr, 2023. "Future scenarios of green hydrogen in the MENA countries: the case of Egypt," Insights into Regional Development, VsI Entrepreneurship and Sustainability Center, vol. 5(4), pages 92-114, December.
    3. Novosel, T. & Ćosić, B. & Pukšec, T. & Krajačić, G. & Duić, N. & Mathiesen, B.V. & Lund, H. & Mustafa, M., 2015. "Integration of renewables and reverse osmosis desalination – Case study for the Jordanian energy system with a high share of wind and photovoltaics," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 92(P3), pages 270-278.
    4. Shing-Cheng Chang & Ru-En Gu & Yen-Hsin Chan, 2024. "Parameter Analysis of Anion Exchange Membrane Water Electrolysis System by Numerical Simulation," Energies, MDPI, vol. 17(22), pages 1-20, November.
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