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Study on the Flexible Scheduling Strategy of Water–Electricity–Hydrogen Systems in Oceanic Island Groups Enabled by Hydrogen-Powered Ships

Author

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  • Qiang Wang

    (College of Electrical and New Energy, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China
    Hubei Provincial Engineering Research Center of Intelligent Energy Technology, Yichang 443002, China)

  • Binbin Long

    (College of Electrical and New Energy, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China)

  • An Zhang

    (College of Electrical and New Energy, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China)

Abstract

In order to improve energy utilization efficiency and the flexibility of resource transfer in oceanic-island-group microgrids, a water–electricity–hydrogen flexible scheduling strategy based on a multi-rate hydrogen-powered ship is proposed. First, the characteristics of the seawater desalination unit (SDU), proton exchange membrane electrolyzer (PEMEL), and battery system (BS) in consuming surplus renewable energy on resource islands are analyzed. The variable-efficiency operation characteristics of the SDU and PEMEL are established, and the effect of battery life loss is also taken into account. Second, a spatio-temporal model for the multi-rate hydrogen-powered ship is proposed to incorporate speed adjustment into the system optimization framework for flexible resource transfer among islands. Finally, with the goal of minimizing the total cost of the system, a flexible water–electricity–hydrogen hybrid resource transfer model is constructed, and a certain island group in the South China Sea is used as an example for simulation and analysis. The results show that the proposed scheduling strategy can effectively reduce energy loss, promote renewable energy absorption, and improve the flexibility of resource transfer.

Suggested Citation

  • Qiang Wang & Binbin Long & An Zhang, 2025. "Study on the Flexible Scheduling Strategy of Water–Electricity–Hydrogen Systems in Oceanic Island Groups Enabled by Hydrogen-Powered Ships," Energies, MDPI, vol. 18(14), pages 1-23, July.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:18:y:2025:i:14:p:3627-:d:1698129
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Zhou, Dezhi & Wu, Chuantao & Sui, Quan & Lin, Xiangning & Li, Zhengtian, 2022. "A novel all-electric-ship-integrated energy cooperation coalition for multi-island microgrids," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 320(C).
    2. Li, Zhengmao & Xu, Yan, 2018. "Optimal coordinated energy dispatch of a multi-energy microgrid in grid-connected and islanded modes," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 210(C), pages 974-986.
    3. Nwulu, Nnamdi I. & Xia, Xiaohua, 2017. "Optimal dispatch for a microgrid incorporating renewables and demand response," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 101(C), pages 16-28.
    4. Wu, Chuantao & Zhou, Dezhi & Lin, Xiangning & Sui, Quan & Wei, Fanrong & Li, Zhengtian, 2022. "A novel energy cooperation framework for multi-island microgrids based on marine mobile energy storage systems," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 252(C).
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