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PSA-Optimized Compressor Speed Control Strategy of Electric Vehicle Thermal Management Systems

Author

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  • Kun Xia

    (Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China)

  • Lianglu Yu

    (Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China)

  • Jingxia Wang

    (Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China)

  • Wei Yu

    (Hella Shanghai Electronics Co., Ltd., Shanghai 201201, China)

Abstract

The thermal management system (TMS) of electric vehicles (EVs) plays a pivotal role in vehicle performance, driving range, battery lifespan, and passenger comfort. Precise control of compressor speed, informed by real-time sensor data, is essential for improving TMS efficiency and extending EV range. This study proposes a control strategy based on the PID Search Algorithm (PSA), ensuring optimal thermal management for an integrated battery and cabin TMS. A co-simulation platform combining AMESim and Simulink is developed for validation, utilizing various sensors to monitor system performance. Simulations are conducted under target temperatures of 20 °C and 25 °C to replicate various operating conditions. The optimized strategy is compared with the most commonly used PID controllers, fuzzy controllers, and PID fuzzy control strategies. The results demonstrate that the PSA-Optimized control strategy significantly outperforms the other three strategies. For a target of 25 °C, the PSA-Optimized control strategy shows a minimal temperature overshoot of 0.012 °C, with COP improvements of 0.06, 0.04, and 0.03 compared to the other three control strategies, respectively. For a target of 20 °C, the overshoot is further reduced to 0.010 °C, while the coefficient of performance (COP) increases by 0.14, 0.01, and 0.07 relative to the same benchmarks. Overall, the results indicate that the PSA-Optimized control strategy effectively utilizes sensor data to reduce cabin temperature overshoot, stabilize compressor speed fluctuations, slow the decay of the battery’s state of charge (SOC), and enhance the system’s COP.

Suggested Citation

  • Kun Xia & Lianglu Yu & Jingxia Wang & Wei Yu, 2025. "PSA-Optimized Compressor Speed Control Strategy of Electric Vehicle Thermal Management Systems," Energies, MDPI, vol. 18(11), pages 1-25, May.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:18:y:2025:i:11:p:2687-:d:1662081
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Ko, Jaedeok & Jeong, Ji Hwan, 2024. "Status and challenges of vapor compression air conditioning and heat pump systems for electric vehicles," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 375(C).
    2. Dan Dan & Yihang Zhao & Mingshan Wei & Xuehui Wang, 2023. "Review of Thermal Management Technology for Electric Vehicles," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(12), pages 1-38, June.
    3. Huang, Xianghui & Li, Kuining & Xie, Yi & Liu, Bin & Liu, Jiangyan & Liu, Zhaoming & Mou, Lunjie, 2022. "A novel multistage constant compressor speed control strategy of electric vehicle air conditioning system based on genetic algorithm," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 241(C).
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