IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jeners/v17y2024i23p6147-d1538014.html

A Numerical Investigation of Flow Characteristics in a Cryogenic Perforated Plate Flowmeter for Vertical Pipe Applications

Author

Listed:
  • Yihan Tian

    (Key Laboratory of Cryogenic Science and Technology, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
    University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China)

  • Zhijian Zhang

    (Key Laboratory of Cryogenic Science and Technology, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
    University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China)

  • Zhaozhao Gao

    (Key Laboratory of Cryogenic Science and Technology, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China)

  • Chen Cui

    (Key Laboratory of Cryogenic Science and Technology, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China)

  • Liubiao Chen

    (Key Laboratory of Cryogenic Science and Technology, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
    University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
    Institute of Optical Physics and Engineering Technology, Qilu Zhongke, Licheng District, Jinan 250100, China)

  • Junjie Wang

    (Key Laboratory of Cryogenic Science and Technology, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
    University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
    Zhonglv Zhongke Energy Storage Technology Co., Ltd., 18 Lishi Hutong, Dongcheng District, Beijing 100053, China)

Abstract

To address the research gap regarding the flow characteristics of cryogenic perforated plate flowmeters in vertical pipes and to enhance measurement reliability in challenging environments, this study investigates the flow characteristics of liquid hydrogen in a vertical pipe using a perforated plate flowmeter. Numerical simulations are performed based on an extended derivation of performance parameter formulas in the vertical direction. Various inlet Reynolds numbers, plate thicknesses, and equivalent diameter ratios are analyzed to assess their effects on key performance parameters, including the discharge coefficient, pressure loss coefficient, and stable region. The results indicate that the influence of flow direction on the performance parameters decreases with increasing Reynolds number. Downward flow is associated with smaller discharge coefficients, lower pressure loss coefficients, and reduced upper limits of Reynolds numbers in the stable region. Furthermore, the effects of gravity become more pronounced at larger thicknesses and greater equivalent diameter ratios.

Suggested Citation

  • Yihan Tian & Zhijian Zhang & Zhaozhao Gao & Chen Cui & Liubiao Chen & Junjie Wang, 2024. "A Numerical Investigation of Flow Characteristics in a Cryogenic Perforated Plate Flowmeter for Vertical Pipe Applications," Energies, MDPI, vol. 17(23), pages 1-15, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:17:y:2024:i:23:p:6147-:d:1538014
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/17/23/6147/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/17/23/6147/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Wang, Zhikang & Li, Junxian & Li, Yihong & Fan, Xiaoyu & Gao, Zhaozhao & Ji, Wei & Chen, Liubiao & Wang, Junjie, 2024. "Thermodynamic and economic analysis of multi-generation system based on LNG-LAES integrating with air separation unit," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 306(C).
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Zetong Li & Xiaolei Si & Yongchao Zhao & Hongyan Zhao & Zheng Cai & Yingjun Guo, 2025. "Analysis of Coupled Liquid Air Energy Storage and Liquefied Natural Gas Cold Energy Cascade Utilization System," Energies, MDPI, vol. 18(6), pages 1-15, March.
    2. Jiang, Rong & Ni, Hongwei & Jiang, Qin & Lai, Yongjie & Wei, Jianjian & He, Tianbiao & Jin, Tao, 2025. "Integrated LNG cold energy-based system combining liquid air energy storage and air separation unit: A novel synergistic solution for supply-demand coordination and power grid peak-shaving," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 339(C).
    3. Wang, Zhikang & Li, Yihong & Li, Junxian & Du, Jiamin & Gao, Zhaozhao & Chen, Liubiao & Wang, Junjie, 2025. "A novel low-energy, low-cost air separation unit integrating heat pump recovery and off-peak cold storage: An energy, exergy, and economic performance analysis," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 333(C).
    4. Yu, Boxu & Wang, Xianghe & Wang, Zhongzheng & Zhu, Jiahua & Liu, Qian & Liao, Zhirong & Xu, Chao, 2025. "A novel multi-generation liquid air energy storage system coupled with air separation unit: Thermodynamic and economic analysis," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 391(C).
    5. Kang, Yingying & Liu, Yuxin & Shen, Minghai & Zuo, Zhongqi & He, Xiufen & Tong, Lige & Yin, Shaowu & Wang, Li & Ding, Yulong, 2026. "Improved liquid air energy storage process utilizing LNG cold energy: Continuous and flexible energy storage," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 256(PG).
    6. Hong, Q. & Si, H. & Wu, Y. & Zheng, X. & Pan, Q.W. & Zhang, X.J. & Jiang, L., 2025. "4E analysis on a hybrid sustainable and decarbonised system for LNG cold energy recovery," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 336(C).
    7. Wang, Chenchen & Zhang, Jinya & Sun, Na, 2025. "Performance study and economic analysis of LNG cold energy integrated with liquid air energy storage: Simulation and experiment," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 339(C).
    8. Li, Zuqiang & Cai, Liang, 2025. "Performance evaluation of a novel integrated two-stage Rankine cycle and carbon dioxide energy storage system for LNG cold energy recovery," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 335(C).
    9. Shangguan, Zhen & Chen, Lei & Gong, Chuanxiang & Zhang, Shulin & He, Juan & Peng, Xiaotian & Yin, Shuai & Peng, Hao, 2025. "Thermodynamic and economic analysis of an advanced liquid air energy storage system coupled with LNG cold energy, waste heat and solar energy," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 340(C).
    10. Zhang, Yin & Lin, Rongsheng & Wang, Fei & Wang, Bohong & Zhuang, Yu & Liew, Peng Yen & Tao, Hengcong & Yan, Yamin & Gai, Limei, 2025. "Optimization of Dual-Organic Rankine Cycle for LNG wide temperature range cold energy utilization based on Genetic Algorithm," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 341(C).
    11. Zhang, Jinya & Wang, Chenchen, 2025. "Thermodynamic and economic analysis of LNG-LAES and LNG-LCES systems: A comparative study," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 324(C).
    12. Xi, Zhiyuan & Guo, Tingting & Cao, Fan & Duan, Yuanyuan & Yang, Zhen, 2025. "Techno-economic analysis of coal-fired with green ammonia co-firing power system devoted to lower carbon emission," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 334(C).
    13. Pu, Liming & Xiong, Yingjie & Wang, Ke & Tang, Lin & Qiu, Limin & Wang, Kai, 2024. "Design and optimization of large-scale natural gas liquefaction process based on triple refrigeration cycles," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 313(C).
    14. Su, Wei & Jiao, Keqing & Jin, Xu & Liu, Zhongyan & Zhang, Xiaosong, 2025. "Performance analysis of a novel solar-assisted liquid CO2 energy storage system with flexible cooling, heating and power outputs: Energy, exergy, economic, and environmental aspects," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 324(C).
    15. Tafone, Alessio & Borri, Emiliano & Cabeza, Luisa F. & O’ Callaghan, Odhran & Donnellan, Philip & Mashayekh, Afshin & Kothari, Rohit & Haglind, Fredrik & Li, Dacheng & Xu, Lejin & Ding, Yulong & Li, Y, 2026. "Progress and prospects of cold thermal energy storage for liquid air energy storage systems – A critical review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 230(C).
    16. Yunong Liu & Xiufen He & Zhongqi Zuo & Lifang Zheng & Li Wang, 2025. "A Novel Integrated System for Coupling an Externally Compressed Air Separation Unit with Liquid Air Energy Storage and Its Performance Analysis," Energies, MDPI, vol. 18(16), pages 1-29, August.
    17. Wu, Y. & Hong, Q. & Zhang, Y.X. & Lin, X.J. & Qiu, L.M. & Jiang, L., 2026. "Cryogenic cold energy storage for liquefied natural gas utilization," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 226(PC).

    More about this item

    Keywords

    ;
    ;
    ;
    ;

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:17:y:2024:i:23:p:6147-:d:1538014. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager The email address of this maintainer does not seem to be valid anymore. Please ask MDPI Indexing Manager to update the entry or send us the correct address (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.