IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jeners/v16y2023i23p7704-d1285077.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Direct Numerical Simulation of a Reacting Turbulent Hydrogen/Ammonia/Nitrogen Jet in an Air Crossflow at 5 Bar

Author

Listed:
  • Eugenio Giacomazzi

    (Laboratory of Processes and Systems Engineering for Energy Decarbonisation, ENEA, 00124 Rome, Italy)

  • Donato Cecere

    (Laboratory of Processes and Systems Engineering for Energy Decarbonisation, ENEA, 00124 Rome, Italy)

  • Matteo Cimini

    (Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Sapienza University of Rome, 00184 Rome, Italy)

  • Simone Carpenella

    (Department of Civil, Computer Science and Aeronautical Technologies Engineering, Roma Tre University, 00146 Rome, Italy)

Abstract

The article aims to analyze the fluid dynamics and combustion characteristics of a non-premixed flame burning a fuel mixture derived from ammonia partial decomposition injected in an air crossflow. Nominal pressure (5 bar) and inlet air temperature (750 K) conditions are typical of micro-gas turbines. The effects of strain on the maximum flame temperature and NO generation in laminar non-premixed counter-flow flames are initially explored. Then, the whole three-dimensional fluid dynamic problem is investigated by setting up a numerical experiment: it consists of a Direct Numerical Simulation, based on accurate transport, chemical, and numerical models. The flow topology of the specific reacting jet in crossflow configuration is described in terms of its main turbulent structures, like shear layers, ring, and horse-shoe vortices, as well as of its leeward recirculation region anchoring the flame. The reacting region is characterized by providing instantaneous spatial distributions of temperature, heat release, and some transported chemical species, including NO , and calculating the Flame Index to identify non-premixed and premixed combustion local conditions. The latter is quantified by looking at the distribution of the volume fraction associated with a certain Flame Index versus the Flame Index and at the distribution of the average values of both the Heat Release Rate and NO versus the Flame Index and the mixture fraction.

Suggested Citation

  • Eugenio Giacomazzi & Donato Cecere & Matteo Cimini & Simone Carpenella, 2023. "Direct Numerical Simulation of a Reacting Turbulent Hydrogen/Ammonia/Nitrogen Jet in an Air Crossflow at 5 Bar," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(23), pages 1-17, November.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:16:y:2023:i:23:p:7704-:d:1285077
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/16/23/7704/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/16/23/7704/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Sorrentino, Giancarlo & Sabia, Pino & Bozza, Pio & Ragucci, Raffaele & de Joannon, Mara, 2019. "Low-NOx conversion of pure ammonia in a cyclonic burner under locally diluted and preheated conditions," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 254(C).
    2. Donato Cecere & Eugenio Giacomazzi & Antonio Di Nardo & Giorgio Calchetti, 2023. "Gas Turbine Combustion Technologies for Hydrogen Blends," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(19), pages 1-29, September.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Donato Cecere & Matteo Cimini & Simone Carpenella & Jan Caldarelli & Eugenio Giacomazzi, 2024. "Composition and Injection Angle Effects on Combustion of an NH 3 /H 2 /N 2 Jet in an Air Crossflow," Energies, MDPI, vol. 17(20), pages 1-21, October.
    2. Zha, Xiaojian & Zhang, Zewu & Zhao, Zhenghong & Yang, Long & Mao, Wenchao & Wu, Fan & Li, Xiaoshan & Luo, Cong & Zhang, Liqi, 2024. "Comparative study on co-firing characteristics of normal and superfine pulverized coal blended with NH3 under the MILD combustion mode," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 305(C).
    3. Mashruk, Syed & Kovaleva, Marina & Alnasif, Ali & Chong, Cheng Tung & Hayakawa, Akihiro & Okafor, Ekenechukwu C. & Valera-Medina, Agustin, 2022. "Nitrogen oxide emissions analyses in ammonia/hydrogen/air premixed swirling flames," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 260(C).
    4. Roxana Grigore & Aneta Hazi & Ioan Viorel Banu & Sorin Eugen Popa & Sorin Gabriel Vernica, 2024. "Enhancing the Energy Performance of a Gas Turbine: Component of a High-Efficiency Cogeneration Plant," Energies, MDPI, vol. 17(19), pages 1-17, September.
    5. Rabeea M. Ghazal & Abdulrazzak Akroot & Hasanain A. Abdul Wahhab & Abdulrahman E. J. Alhamd & Ameer Hasan Hamzah & Mothana Bdaiwi, 2024. "The Influence of Gas Fuel Enrichment with Hydrogen on the Combustion Characteristics of Combustors: A Review," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 16(21), pages 1-32, October.
    6. Liu, Xiangtao & Si, Jicang & Wang, Guochang & Wu, Mengwei & Mi, Jianchun, 2025. "Nitrogen sources and formation routes of nitric oxide from pure ammonia combustion," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 315(C).
    7. López, R. & González-Arias, J. & Pereira, F.J. & Fernández, C. & Cara-Jiménez, J., 2021. "A techno-economic study of HTC processes coupled with power facilities and oxy-combustion systems," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 219(C).
    8. Antonio Di Nardo & Eugenio Giacomazzi & Matteo Cimini & Guido Troiani & Silvera Scaccia & Giorgio Calchetti & Donato Cecere, 2025. "Development of a Low-NO x Fuel-Flexible and Scalable Burner for Gas Turbines," Energies, MDPI, vol. 18(7), pages 1-25, April.
    9. Yan, Beibei & Wu, Zhaoting & Zhou, Shengquan & Lv, Jingwen & Liu, Xiaoyun & Wu, Wenzhu & Chen, Guanyi, 2024. "A critical review of NH3–H2 combustion mechanisms," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 196(C).
    10. Edith Flora Eyisse & Ebrahim Nadimi & Dawei Wu, 2024. "Ammonia Combustion: Internal Combustion Engines and Gas Turbines," Energies, MDPI, vol. 18(1), pages 1-23, December.
    11. Wenkai Yang & Ashraf N. Al Khateeb & Dimitrios C. Kyritsis, 2022. "The Effect of Hydrogen Peroxide on NH 3 /O 2 Counterflow Diffusion Flames," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(6), pages 1-17, March.
    12. Hossein Ali Yousefi Rizi & Donghoon Shin, 2025. "Development of Ammonia Combustion Technology for NOx Reduction," Energies, MDPI, vol. 18(5), pages 1-30, March.
    13. Khusniddin Alikulov & Zarif Aminov & La Hoang Anh & Tran Dang Xuan & Wookyung Kim, 2024. "Comparative Technical and Economic Analyses of Hydrogen-Based Steel and Power Sectors," Energies, MDPI, vol. 17(5), pages 1-30, March.
    14. Mustafa Alnaeli & Mohammad Alnajideen & Rukshan Navaratne & Hao Shi & Pawel Czyzewski & Ping Wang & Sven Eckart & Ali Alsaegh & Ali Alnasif & Syed Mashruk & Agustin Valera Medina & Philip John Bowen, 2023. "High-Temperature Materials for Complex Components in Ammonia/Hydrogen Gas Turbines: A Critical Review," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(19), pages 1-46, October.
    15. Cesaro, Zac & Ives, Matthew & Nayak-Luke, Richard & Mason, Mike & Bañares-Alcántara, René, 2021. "Ammonia to power: Forecasting the levelized cost of electricity from green ammonia in large-scale power plants," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 282(PA).
    16. Luo, Bo & E, Jiaqiang & Chen, Jingwei & Zhang, Feng & Ding, Jiangjun, 2024. "Effect of NH3/H2/O2 premixed combustion on energy conversion enhancement and NOx emission reduction of the segmented nozzle micro-combustor in thermophotovoltaic system," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 228(C).
    17. Yulia Mozzhegorova & Galina Ilinykh & Vladimir Korotaev, 2024. "Life Cycle Assessment of a Gas Turbine Installation," Energies, MDPI, vol. 17(2), pages 1-24, January.
    18. Wang, Qiangxiang & Xie, Mengqian & Tu, Yaojie & Liu, Hao & Li, Weijie, 2022. "Numerical study of fuel-NO formation and reduction in a reversed flow MILD combustion furnace firing ammonia-doped methane," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 252(C).
    19. Ahmed T. Khalil & Dimitris M. Manias & Dimitrios C. Kyritsis & Dimitris A. Goussis, 2020. "NO Formation and Autoignition Dynamics during Combustion of H 2 O-Diluted NH 3 /H 2 O 2 Mixtures with Air," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(1), pages 1-14, December.
    20. Woo, Mino & Choi, Byung Chul, 2021. "Numerical study on fuel-NO formation characteristics of ammonia-added methane fuel in laminar non-premixed flames with oxygen/carbon dioxide oxidizer," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 226(C).

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:16:y:2023:i:23:p:7704-:d:1285077. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.